Priority nursing interventions pneumonia - ️️- raise head of bed (at least semiFowler's)
- admin O₂
- turn/reposition pts who are immobilized
- assess lung sounds
- deep breathing/coughing
- provide adequate rest
- admin meds
- monitor for complications
treatment of asthma - ️️*- ...
NURS 125 Exam II
Priority nursing interventions pneumonia - ✔️✔️- raise head of bed (at least semi-
Fowler's)
- admin O₂
- turn/reposition pts who are immobilized
- assess lung sounds
- deep breathing/coughing
- provide adequate rest
- admin meds
- monitor for complications
pneumonia - ✔️✔️acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to consolidation
of lung tissue as the alveoli fill with exudate that impairs gas exchange
pneumonia primary problem - ✔️✔️impaired gas exchange
community acquired pneumonia - ✔️✔️a type of pneumonia that results from
contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic (or within 48 hours of entering a
hospital/facility)
Pneumonia Etiology - ✔️✔️causes include bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, aspiration
most common cause of pneumonia in infants and young children - ✔️✔️viruses
Pneumonia Risk Factors - ✔️✔️- advanced age
- lung diease
- smoking
- immunosuppression
- bed ridden
- post- op
- poor nutrition
- tracheostomy or mechanical ventilation
- colds/respiratory infection
- chronic illness (such as lung cancer)
- impaired gag reflex
- aLOC
,s/s of pneumonia - ✔️✔️fever/chills, green/rust-colored sputum, shortness of breath,
(sharp/plueritic) chest pain, headache, crackles, tachycardia, cyanosis, tachypnea
(rapid and shallow)
Treatment of pneumonia - ✔️✔️- antibiotics if infectious/antimicrobial tx
- possibly ventilation
- increase fluids (2-3L/day) & high-calorie diet
- humidified O₂
- bed rest as indicated
- analgesics to relieve pleuritic chest pain
Legionnaire's disease - ✔️✔️A severe, often fatal bacterial disease characterized by
pneumonia, dry cough and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms.
** mortality ~ 15%
asthma - ✔️✔️A chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by episodes of severe
breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
asthma is most common in... - ✔️✔️children
what causes asthma? - ✔️✔️exposure to substance results in increased histamine
production causing edema of mucus membrane, spasm of smooth muscle of
bronchi/bronchioles, and accumulation of secretions
Asthma Etiology - ✔️✔️- uncertain, often hypersensitivity to allergens
- upper respiratory infection, anxiety, exercise can initiate, endocrine changes
risk factors of asthma attack - ✔️✔️allergen, allergic rhinitis, upper airway infection,
sudden changes in temperature/weather
, dx asthma - ✔️✔️- physical exam
- chest x-ray
- sputum (casts of airways or eosinophils)
- skin testing for specific allergens
Beta-adrenergic agonists - ✔️✔️Stimulate the beta-receptors in the sympathetic
nervous system, increasing calcium flow into the myocardial cells, and causing
increased contraction
bronchodilator - ✔️✔️a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages
into the lungs
corticosteroids - ✔️✔️A group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal
glands at times of stress
Epinephrine - ✔️✔️Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
terbutaline - ✔️✔️Beta 2 agonist
Theophylline - ✔️✔️a bronchodilator used to treat asthma and bronchitis and
emphysema
status asthmaticus - ✔️✔️a severe, life-threatening asthma attack that is refractory to
usual treatment and places the patient at risk for developing respiratory failure.
Asthma nursing interventions - ✔️✔️- Teach to avoid triggers
- Teach to administer medication by meter-dose-inhaler
- Teach to administer medication by continuous nebulizer
- Teach peak expiratory flow rate monitoring
- Raise head of bed
- Admin O₂
- Encourage diaphragmatic breathing
- Provide chest percussion and postural drainage (once symptoms improve)
- Promote rest, calm pt, relieve anxiety
emphysema - ✔️✔️a chronic, irreversible disease of the lungs characterized by
abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs accompanied by destruction of the
tissue lining the walls of the air spaces.
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