BMD 430 Lecture 20: Cancer
Immunology
tumor suppressor genes - ✔️✔️A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division,
thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer (P53, pro-
apoptotic genes).
Hallmarks of Cancer - ✔️✔️1. Sustaining proliferative signaling
2. Evading growth suppressors
3. Activating invasion and metastasis
4. Enabling replicative immortality
5. Inducing angiogenesis (developing blood supply)
6. Resisting cell death (apoptosis)
tumor (neoplasm) - ✔️✔️mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding
tissue
benign tumor - ✔️✔️An abnormal mass of cells that remains at its original site in the
body + incapable of indefinite growth
malignant tumor - ✔️✔️An abnormal tissue mass that can spread into neighboring
tissue and to other parts of the body (metastasize); a cancerous tumor.
metastasis - ✔️✔️spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body
cancer immunology - ✔️✔️relationship between cancer and the body's immune
response
Multi-hit model of cancer - ✔️✔️cancer arises over time with multiple genetic changes;
mutations accumulate over a lifetime
oncogenes - ✔️✔️genes that cause cancer by blocking the normal controls on cell
reproduction
Proto-oncogenes - ✔️✔️the corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible
for normal cell growth and division (mutated = oncogenes)
Anti-apoptotic genes - ✔️✔️Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL (inhibit apoptosis)
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