EDF 6222 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND REVISED ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
Application of a behavioral analysis to other _____ behaviors such as discrimination,
decision-making and concept formation not only elucidates process by which theses
behaviors are learned, it also allows for further investigation into how such behaviors
might be ___ and _____ - Answer- Covert, Taught, Improved
Skinners writings that has addressed by ____ it is incorrect to presume that the ____
we eventually emit is somehow stored somewhere inside of us. They simply ___ it
instead, the response exists in our ____ and the contingencies exist in our _____ and
we are able to emit the responses when we manipulate conditions. - Answer-
Mentalistic, Explanations, Responses, Change, Histories
A response is ____. Problem solving is not emitting the ___ response, however it is the
manipulation that occurs that makes that response more ____. - Answer- Emitted,
Terminal, Probable
The notion of having an idea has a similar behavioral analysis. A ___ exists with some
strength in the repertoire of the individual and is emitted via manipulation of some
features of the environment that make the response more likely, in combination with
____ and ____ that make the response appear novel. - Answer- Verbal response,
Stimulus, Response generalization
The ___ is most commonly used as a hypothetical cause of action. So long as ____
variables go unnoticed or are ignored, their ____ is assigned to an originating agent
within the organism. - Answer- Self, External, Function
Conceiving of the self or personality as a set of responses more readily allows for the
____ in responding that may result from variability in the ____ - Answer- Variability,
Environment
Self knowledge is the awareness of one's own behavior as well as the analysis of the
___ variables of one's own behavior. This analysis is also considered ____ about one's
own behavior - Answer- Controlling, Reasoning
Because ____ can usually be learned faster than an individual can contact the
contingencies responsible for shaping new behavior, rules have become an important
, part of social, verbal communities. Commands, directions, instructions, proverbs, laws,
customs, and folktales all convey a statement of ___ of rules regarding expected
behavior and the reinforcement or punishment that may follow certain behaviors -
Answer- Rules, Contingencies
By obeying laws we avoid punishment, without ever having to contact that specific
punishment, Superstitious behaviors arise from ___ contingencies, but it illustrates that
reinforcement is effective even if it is not related to the behavior it follows. - Answer-
Accidental
Unique to humans is the ability for ___ to further influence superstitious behavior -
Answer- Language
Time based schedules are equivalent to ___ schedules. Work based schedules are
equivalent to ___ schedules. You must work to obtain reinforcement and the faster,
harder, and more frequent you work, the more _____ that will come your way - Answer-
Interval, Ratio, Reinforcement
As Schneider reiterated, ___ schedules are rare in the natural environment. This is one
explanation as to why mentalistic properties continue to be used by psychologists.
Because they cannot see the schedules of reinforcement, they often assume that there
is some magical entity within the ___ responsible for the behaviors that are observed -
Answer- Fixed, Brain
Schneider also defines differential reinforcement for ___ of responding with an excellent
example. - Answer- Low-Rates
Avoiding an ___ stimulus can be more rewarding than receiving preferred items. For
example, sometimes working to avoid a negative can actually be _____ - Answer-
Negative, Pleasurable
The matching law is _____ relationship between rates of response and the rates of
reinforcement in ___ schedules. - Answer- Quantitative, Concurrent
According to Skinner, the term ____ may be understood as the type of reinforcer that is
effective for a particular person - Answer- Value
According to Moore our systems of laws assumes that individuals have ___ and know
right from wrong as a moral issue at the time of any action. If the individuals
nevertheless break the law, they are deemed responsible for their behavior and subject
to punishment by a ____ authority. However, this brings up several questions for
behavior analysts. First, if the goal is to reduce the rate of punished behavior, how do
we know that punishment will be an ____ procedure? Also if behavior is ___ then the
individual's behavior was not the result of free will. - Answer- Free will, Governmental,
Effective, Determined
