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POSC 225 -- Exam 2 Martin Cohen Study Guide with Complete Solutions Edmund Burke (1740s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER-- was a fan of political parties; positive definition - "men united, promoting by their joint endeavors the national interest, upon some particular principle in which...

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  • November 11, 2024
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POSC 225 -- Exam 2 Martin Cohen
Study Guide with Complete Solutions

Edmund Burke (1740s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- was a fan of

political parties; positive definition


- "men united, promoting by their joint endeavors the national interest, upon some

particular principle in which they are all agreed"


- promoting national interest; shows he is a fan of political parties


James Madison (1780s) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- not a fan of

political parties


- "a faction, whether amounting to a majority or minority... united and actuated by

some common impulse... adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and

aggregate interest of the community"


- United: similar to Burke, but different in the effects of a party


E.E. Schattschneider (1942) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "...organized

attempt to get control of the government"


- Organized: introduced to lexicon


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- Goal: to get control of the government


- was a fan of strong political parties, but his definition does not show this; his

definition shows a mutual attitude


Anthony Downs (1957) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... a coalition of

men seeking to control the governing apparatus by legal means"


- Coalition: group of individuals who have certain ends in common and cooperate to

achieve those ends


- Coalition: new word to lexicon


V. O. Key (1964) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- conceived of parties as

three legged stool... "PIE, PIG, PO"


- shows three parts of political party


PIE - ANSWER✔✔-Party in the Electorate -- consists of voters and those who identify

with a political party, psychological attachment and will often vote for those party

candidates


PIG - ANSWER✔✔-Party in Government -- government position holders (elected

officials) who run under party label and try to get policies passed for said party


PO - ANSWER✔✔-Party Organization -- consists of party workers, staff members, and

committees; tries to get the candidates elected from their party



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John Aldrich (1996) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... an endogenous

institution -- an institution by these political actors... It is ambitious politicians' creation"


- elected officials create, and mutate parties in order to get re-elected


- decisions are made by the party in itself


Tom Schwartz (1996) Definition of Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- "... a long coalition"


- long (over a series of issues and over a period of time)


- party is not just an agreement to vote together on single bill, but an agreement to vote

on hundreds of bills together over long periods of time


Functions of a Political Party - ANSWER✔✔-- aggregating societal interests


- compromising competing demands


- recruiting leadership


- nominating candidates


- contesting elections


- seeking to organize government


Aggregating Societal Interest - ANSWER✔✔-- adding up interests of individuals,

putting them together


- they decide what they will talk about via agenda setting



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- party platforms distributed to the nation every 4 years at national convention to

nominate president


- platform: list of issue positions and decides what the party will stand for and how

much emphasis each issue will get


Compromising Competing Demands - ANSWER✔✔-- need to appeal to a majority on

an issue to obtain control of the government


- need to create coalitions (groups of groups) in order to win majorities, if they cast to

narrow of a net on one or two interests (third parties) they will not win


- this is how they differ from interest groups, because those groups focus solely on one

specific issue


- Party Coalition between different parties


Party Coalition - ANSWER✔✔-- The groups and interests that support a political party,

or an action by a specific political party


New Deal Coalition - ANSWER✔✔-- Series of programs and policies put into law by

the Democratic party and FDR in 1930s due to the Great Depression


- Democrats passed this to try to jump start the economy


- Several, very different groups involved except for wealthy Republicans who did not

benefit from this



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