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NR 547 WEEK 6 2024 Questions and Answers (VERIFIED) 100% CORRECT
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NR 547 WEEK 6NR 547 WEEK 6 2024 Questions and Answers
(VERIFIED) 100% CORRECT
Neurocognitive disorders - (answers)delirium and dementia
Dementia - (answers)-a group of symptoms that mainly affects memory, cognition
and social interactions, and the ability to do everyday tasks.
-Symptoms start gradually often with no clear beginning, and are usually
permanent.
-Most dementias are caused by neurodegenerative diseases, most commonly
Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia
• clumps of abnormal proteins to build up inside neurons, damaging them, and
causing them to slowly degenerate and die
-vascular dementia is another common cause of progressive dementia
• brain damage occurs when the blood supply to the neurons is reduced or blocked,
again causing them to malfunction or die
-Cognitive Symptoms: Difficulty with complex tasks, Difficulty planning and
organizing, Loss of coordination
-Psychological symptoms: Personality changes, Inappropriate behaviour, Paranoia,
Fear, anxiety, anger or depression.
Delirium - (answers)ACUTE SUDDEN CHANGE IN MENTAL STATE
-typically begins suddenly with a noticeable start point.
-mainly affects attention, and often resolves after a few days or weeks, although it
can last longer.
-acute, transient, and usually reversible brain malfunction
-thought to be brought on by multiple neurotransmitter imbalances
,NR 547 WEEK 6
Delirium symptoms - (answers)-Cognitive Symptoms: Rambling or nonsense
speech, Difficulty reading and writing, Wandering attention, Becoming easily
distracted, Becoming withdrawn,
-Psychological symptoms: Inability to focus, Reduced awareness of the
environment, Disturbed sleep
-May have hallucinations
-symptoms can fluctuate throughout the day
causes of delirium - (answers)-lack of oxygen
-drugs
• anticholinergics
• psychoactives
• opioids
-withdrawal
• delirium tremens
-stressful situations
-dehydration & electrolyte imbalance
infections
tell the difference between delirium and dementia - (answers)onset
attention
do symptoms fluctuate?
,NR 547 WEEK 6
Alzheimer's disease - (answers)-type of dementia
• 60-80% of dementias
-neurodegenerative disease
-Hallmarks:
• plaques - abnormal protein (beta-amyloid plaques) between neurons
• tangles - tau protein inside neurons (neurofibrillary tangles)
Alzheimer's disease brain progression - (answers)-Plaques & tangles usually start
forming and spread from the cortex
• earliest areas affected temporal lobe (learning & memory)
• as it spreads goes to frontal lobe (thinking & planning)
• then more temporal (speaking & communicating)
• then parietal lobe (sense of where body is in relation to objects around you)
• severe & late Alzheimer's disease, plaques & tangles spread throughout most of
cortex, brain shrinks (atrophy) dramatically (atrophy primarily affects
hippocampus and cerebral cortex)
Vascular dementia - (answers)-20-30% of dementia cases
-lack in blood supply to the brain
-changes
• suddenly (stroke)
• gradually (small vessels)
-risk factors
• similar to heart problems
, NR 547 WEEK 6
• smoking
• high BP
• no exercise
• obesity
• poor diet
Lewy body dementia - (answers)-10-25% of dementia cases
-abnormal protein structures forming inside neurons (lewy bodies)
• alpha synuclein protein = lewy bodies
-lewy bodies can be found it ppl with alzheimers & parkinsons too
• ppl with parkinsons can develop parkinsons later on
-symptoms
• thinking & memory
• movements & trembling
• hallucinations
• physically acting out dreams
Parkinsons disease dementia - (answers)affects motor control and mental functions
-lewy bodies found in ppl with parkinsons disease, leads to dementia
Frontotemporal dementia - (answers)-Frontal lobe damage
• spacial orientation
-Temporal lobe damage
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