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AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions & Answers
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AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions & Answers
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AHN 568 Fluids Electrolytes- Questions& Answers
Lactated Ringers (LR) Correct Ans-1. Description: Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer.
2. Isotonic to plasma
3. Contains NaCL, KCl, CaCl2, Na lactate
4. Osmo=275;
5. Use: Replaces fluid and buffers pH
6. Surgery/ trauma patients
0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS) Correct Ans-1. Hypotonic to plasma
2. Maintenance fluids (most common)
3. Saline component replaces ongoing NaCl losses-->maintains ECF volume
4. Free water component replaces insensible free water losses--> maintains osmolality
Dextrose in Normal Saline (D5NS; D5 1/2NS; D5 1/4NS) Correct Ans-1. Equivalent to
corresponding saline solutions plus 200 kcal of energy per liter of solution
Oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) Correct Ans-a form of osmotic pressure exerted
by proteins, notably albumin, in a blood vessel's plasma (blood/liquid) that usually tends to pull
water into the circulatory system.
Osmotic pressure Correct Ans-pressure that must be applied to prevent osmotic movement
across a selectively permeable membrane
HypoNatremia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Related to brain swelling
2.Nausea/malaise/gait instability/HA/confusion/ lethargy/SZ/coma
3. Hypervolemia: edema/ascities/pulmonary edema/JV distension/cardiac gallop
,4. Hypovolemia: othrostatic bp/ JV collapse
HyperNatremia symptoms Correct Ans-1. Related to brain cell shrinkage
2. nausea/weakness/lethargy/confusion/irritability/
stupor/coma/thirst/polydipsia
HypoCalcemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Chvostek's sign (facial twitching)/ Trousseau's Sign
(carpal spasm)/depression/ anxiety/ confusion/ tremors/ ataxia/dystonia/SZ/weakness
2. Increased excitement in nervous system
3. Dry skin/brittle hair/ brittle nails
4. Prolonged QT wave/nonspecific T-wave change
HyperCalcemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Lethargy progressing to coma/depression/ memory
impairment/ personality changes/N&V/ constipation/proximal muscle weakness/done
pain/depressed DTR/polyuria (DI)/ renal colic (renal calculi)
HypoPhosphatemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Irritability/ confusion/paresthesias/weakness/
muscle weakness/
HyperPhospphatemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Cornea or acute conjunctivitis/grainy feeling
skin/puritus/ vascular calcification/valvular & arterial calcifications/ conduction defects/
increased cardiac mortality
HypoKalemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Fatigue/muscle cramps/constipation/ ileus
2. Flaccid paralysis/hyporeflexia/tetany/ rhdomyloysis
3. Broadening T-wave/ promient U-wave/ PVCs/ depressed ST segments
, Hyperkalemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Bradycardia/prolonged PRI/progression of peaked T-
waves/Widened QRS complex/ disappearance of P-waves/ fusion of QRS and T-waves to form
sine-waves
2. Muscle weakness/absent to hypoactive bowel sounds/increased BUN &Cr levels/paired renin
& aldosterone levels
HypoMagnesemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1.CNS: hyperirritability: tremor/jerking/
nastagmus/ babinski/confusion/disorientation
2. Cardiac: HTN/ST/Ventricular arrhythmias/ prolonged QT interval
3. Muscle cramps/weakness
HyperMagnesemia Symptoms Correct Ans-1. Weakness pregression to paralysis/ difficulty
swallowing/ lethargy/ N&V/ hypotension/ decreased or absent DTRs/respiratory muscle
paralysis
Red blood cell (RBC): Correct Ans-1. determination of the number of circulating erythrocytes
present in whole blood;
2. regulated by erythropoiesis in the bone marrow
• Male: 4.5-6.2 million/uL
• Female (nongravid): 4.0-5.5 million/uL
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Correct Ans-1. main component of RBCs & essential protein that combines
with and transports oxygen to the body.
• Male: 14-18 g/dL
• Female (nongravid): 12-16 g/dL
• Rule of thumb - Hgbx3= Hct, if does not match you may see fluid overload or dehydration
Hematocrit (Hct): Correct Ans-1. measures the % of a given volume of whole blood that is
occupied by erythrocytes
• Male: 40-54%
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