1
NR
NR 507 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS, ALREADY
PASSED! (COMPLETE & ACCURATE)
BPH and the urinary system - ANS ✓- Chronic inflammation
-Bladder outflow obstruction
-Urge to pee often
-delay in starting stream
- Decreased force of stream
-Urinary retention/ overflow incontinence (late sign)
Complications: Hematuria, infections, bladder calculi, retention, hydronephrosis,
renal insufficiency
Cause of respiratory Alkalosis - ANS ✓- fever
-anemia,
-anxiety, panic
-thyrotoxicosis
-hyperventilation
buffer molecules - ANS ✓-Plasma- Bicarbonate-carbonic acid and HGB.
-Intracellular- Phosphate and protein
Renal- Ammonia and Phosphate
Cushing's disease - ANS ✓- Excess endogenous secretion of ACTH
(Corticotropin).
NR 507
, 2
NR
-from a pituitary adenoma or by an ectopic secreting non pituitary tumor such as
small cell carcinoma of the lung. Or adrenal tumor (rare)
- Hypernatremia, Hypertension, INCREASED blood volume, HYPOkalemia,
HYPERglycemia, weight gain, thin hair, moon face, easy bruising, buffalo hump,
protein wasting
Cause of hypoparathyroidism - ANS ✓-decreased PTH
-Damage to or removal of the parathyroid gland during thyroid surgery.
- genetic syndromes, familial hypoparathyroidism, diGeorge syndrome, and
idiopathic, or autoimmune
Primary hypothyroidism labs - ANS ✓*Increased levels of TSH and decreased
levels of TH (Total T3 and total and free T4*
Autoimmune- Presence of thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies
Thyroid Storm - ANS ✓-occurs in people who have severe hyperthyroidism and
are subject to extreme stress (infection, trauma, burns, surgery, emotional).
-Sudden release and increased action of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
(T3) exceeding metabolic demands.
-Hyperthermia, tachycardia, atrial tachydysrhythmias, high-output heart failure,
agitation, n/v, diarrhea
-Tx- beta blockers, block TH synthesis, corticosteroids, iodine, plasma exchange
Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - ANS ✓Increased metabolic rate, heat
intolerance, thin hair, bulgy eyes, enlarged thyroid, heart failure, tachycardia,
weight loss, diarrhea, warm skin, sweaty palms, pretibial myxedema.
Muscle contraction ions - ANS ✓Calcium is combined with troponin
NR 507
, 3
NR
Long bone growth - ANS ✓cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal
plate multiply and enlarge. Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are
destroyed and replaced by bone.
appendicular skeleton - ANS ✓126 bones that make up upper and lower
extremities, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle
valve problem in women - ANS ✓-Mitral valve prolapse
-genetic or environmental disruption of valvular development during the fifth or
sixth week of gestation
Reversible myocardial ischemia - ANS ✓Chronic coronary obstruction results
in recurrent predictable chest pain called stable angina. Abnormal vasospasm of
coronary vessels results in unpredictable chest pain called Prinzmetal angina OR
unstable angina (impending infarction)
Stable angina - ANS ✓transient substernal chest discomfort, ranging from a
sensation of heaviness or pressure to moderately severe pain
-Feels like indigestion
-May radiate to neck, lower jaw, left arm and left shoulder or back or down right
arm
-Pallor diaphoresis and dyspnea
-relieved by rest and nitrates
-Women (atypical chest pain, palpitations, sense of unease and severe fatigue)
orthostatic hypotension - ANS ✓decrease in SBP of at least 20, or decrease in
DBP of at least 10 within 3 minutes of standing.
-neurogenic, caused by ANS dysfunction
-dizziness, blurring of vision, syncope, fainting
-Tx: inc. salt intake, raise HOB, thigh-high stockings, erythropoietin, vomune,
vasoconstrictors (midodrine)
NR 507
