Exam (elaborations)
UCF Chemistry Placement Test Guide With Complete Solutions 100% Correct
- Course
- Institution
UCF Chemistry Placement Test Guide With Complete Solutions 100% Correct...
[Show more]
Content preview
UCF Chemistry Placement Test Guide With CompleteSolutions 100% Correct
Matter - ANSWER Anything that has mass and occupies space; composed of atoms
Atoms - ANSWER The smallest unit of matter that can't be broken down and is
composed mostly of empty space; consists of three parts: the electron, proton and
neutron
Elements - ANSWER A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom
Compound - ANSWER Two or more elements combined by a chemical bond; ionic and
covalent
Mixture - ANSWER Two or more substances that are together but not bonded
Pure Substance - ANSWER Substance that contains only one kind of compound
Bose-Einstein Condensate - ANSWER The state of matter with the lowest energy;
basically a very cold solid
Solid - ANSWER A state of matter with strong bonds
Liquid - ANSWER A state of matter with weak bonds
Gas - ANSWER A state of matter with no bonds
,Plasma - ANSWER State of matter that has the most energy; it utilizes ionization instead
of bonds
Robert Boyle - ANSWER First to define what an element is; anything is a substance until
such time that it cannot be decomposed
John Dalton - ANSWER Combined earlier concepts to describe the atom: elements are
composed of atoms; all atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of one element
differ from atoms of all other elements; law of constant composition; atoms cannot be
observed
Law of Constant Composition - ANSWER The atoms of one element can combine with the
atoms of other elements to form compounds; a given compound always contains the
same relative numbers and kinds of atoms
J.J. Thomson-ANSWER Discovered electrons and protons and developed the plum
pudding model of an atom
Electrons-ANSWER The negatively charged particle in an atom; circles around the
nucleus in the electron cloud
Proton-ANSWER The positively charged particle in an atom; located in the nucleus;
determine the element
Neutron-ANSWER The neutral particle in an atom; it has no charge and is located in the
nucleus
Plum Pudding Model ANSWER An early model of the atom that envisioned a sphere of
positive charge with electrons scattered throughout
Ernest Rutherford ANSWER Conducted an experiment in which he shot alpha particles
at gold foil; showed there was a small, dense nucleus containing a positive charge and
that protons are positive
,Metals ANSWER The elements on the left-hand side of the periodic table that want to
lose electrons
Characteristics of Metals - ANSWER - Malleable
- Ductile
- Conductive
- Lustrous
Malleable - ANSWER The ability to be molded into shapes
Ductile - ANSWER The ability to be pulled into wire
Conductive - ANSWER The ability to allow heat or electricity to pass through an object
Lustrous - ANSWER The ability to be shiny
Nonmetals - ANSWER Elements located on the right side of the periodic table that want
to gain electrons
Metalloids - ANSWER Elements placed in a stair-step line between metals and
nonmetals; they have characteristics of both
Diatomic Molecules - ANSWER Elements that occur in pairs in their natural state;
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
Electronegativity - ANSWER The tendency of a molecule to draw electrons to it; within
the table it increases from left to right and decreases from top to bottom; fluorine is the
most dense
, Atomic Radius - ANSWER The size of an atom; within the table it decreases from left to
right and increases from top to bottom
Ionization Energy - ANSWER Energy to remove an electron; increases left to right and
decreases top to bottom
Ion - ANSWER An atom that has gained or lost electrons
Anion - ANSWER An atom that gains electrons and has a negative charge; nonmetals
Cation - ANSWER An atom that looses electrons and has a positive charge; metals
Isotope - ANSWER An atom that has changed its number of neutrons
Atomic Number - ANSWER A unique number to each element that tells the number of
protons and the number of electrons if the atom is neutral
Atomic Mass - ANSWER A number that tells the number of protons and neutrons in an
atom
Neutron Number - ANSWER Atomic Mass - Atomic Number
Radioactive - ANSWER A nucleus that spontaneously decomposes, forming a different
nucleus and producing one or more particles; alpha, beta, and gamma ray
Alpha Particle - ANSWER One type of radioactive particle; it is a essentially a helium
nucleus; when this type of particle is released, the mass of the atom is conserved and so
is the atomic number
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Braxton. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80467 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now