Whole grains - ANSWERSCereal grains, or foods made from cereal grains, that contain all the essential parts, including the energy-rich endosperm, the oil-rich germ, and the fiber-rich bran coating of the entire grain seed in its original proportions
Refined Grains - ANSWERSCereal grains that hav...
NFS 207: Carbohydrates Chapter 4
Questions & Answers
Whole grains - ANSWERSCereal grains, or foods made from cereal grains, that contain
all the essential parts, including the energy-rich endosperm, the oil-rich germ, and the
fiber-rich bran coating of the entire grain seed in its original proportions
Refined Grains - ANSWERSCereal grains that have been milled, a process that
removes the bran and germ, leaving only the endosperm; white flour is an example of
this
Enriched Grains - ANSWERSCereal grains that lost nutrients during processing but
have vitamins and minerals added back in; refined grains are often enriched
Consuming whole grains has been linked to a host of health benefits including -
ANSWERSreduced risk of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and cancer
The DGA advise that Americans should consume how many grains as whole grains? -
ANSWERSHalf their grains as whole grains
Carbohydrates - ANSWERSMolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
arranged as one or more sugar units
How many kcal do carbs provide? - ANSWERS4 kcal
Where are carbs abundant in? - ANSWERSGrains, other plant foods, milk, and some
milk products, fruits, vegetables
Carbs are a key source of - ANSWERSFuel for the body
Carbs provide energy for - ANSWERS- exercising muscles
- red blood cells
- energy needed by the brain
Carb functions in food? - ANSWERS- source of fiber
- adds sweetness and flavor
, Carbs functions in the body? - ANSWERS- source of energy for all cells in the body
- indispensable source of energy for the brain, red blood cells, and muscles during
intense exercise
- important for intestinal health
- reduces the use of protein for energy
The Institute of Medicine suggests that adults consume _________ of their daily
calories from carbs - ANSWERS45-65%
Depending on their size, carbs can be classifies as either - ANSWERSSimple or
complex
Simple carbs, also known as sugars, are - ANSWERSShort carbohydrates made up of
one or 2 sugar units
Monosaccharides - ANSWERSSugars that are made up of one sugar unit
Disaccharides - ANSWERSSugars made up of 2 sugar units
The 3 most abundant monosaccharides - ANSWERS- fructose
- glucose
- galactose
Fructose - ANSWERS- the sweetest of the sugars and is found in fruits and veggies,
and in honey
- is also used to sweeten foods and beverages by food manufacturers who process corn
to create high-fructose corn cyrup
Glucose - ANSWERSThe most abundant sugar in our diet because it is part of every
disaccharide and complex carbohydrate
Galactose - ANSWERSOne of the 2 monosaccharides (the other is glucose) that make
up the sugar found in milke
The disaccharides are made up of pairs of monosaccharides and are called -
ANSWERS- lactose
- maltose
- sucrose
The mammary glands of humans and other mammals synthesize ________, which is
incorporated into milk to feed offspring - ANSWERSLactose (galactose and glucose)
Maltose - ANSWERSIs composed of 2 glucose units and is produced when starch is
broken down in digestion
Sucrose - ANSWERS(table sugar) is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose
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