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NURS 6003 M6 questions with correct answers.
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NURS 6003 M6 questions with correct answersWhat is V/Q ratio Correct Answer-How much gas is being moved
effectively, versus how much blood is flowing around the alveoli where
gas exchange (perfusion occurs)
example - pt w/ pulmonary embolism might have regular ventilation, but
blockage might impair exchange or perfusion. So Q is compromised.
Normal V/Q ratio Correct Answer-0.8 but ideally 1 which can be
achieved through exercise
effect on V/Q ratio in shunting and dead spacing Correct Answer-In the
case of airway obstruction, ventilation will be 0 which leads to the V/Q
being 0. This is called a shunt. In the event of a pulmonary embolism
and blood flow is blocked, the V/Q is infinite. This is called a dead
space
Blood flow through the heart Correct Answer-SVC --> Rt atria -->
Tricuspid --> Rt ventricle --> Pulmonic valve --> Lungs --> Lt atria -->
Mitral valve --> Lt ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> Body
baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation Correct Answer-Located in
the blood vessels and heart, sensing changes in pressure and if there is a
drop in blood pressure, they send signals to the cardiac center of control
which stimulate beta-1 and alpha-1 receptors to raise BP.
, RAAS in blood pressure regulation Correct Answer-The RAAS controls
renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone to regulate BP by constricting blood
vessels, and causing reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys.
what is preload Correct Answer-the work being forced on the heart
before it contracts. Preload is also referred to as end-diastolic volume
because the force is also the pressure in the ventricles before systole.
what is afterload Correct Answer-the strain on the ventricle at the end of
the contraction. This is where the muscle fibers shorten and contract and
the ventricles empty. Afterload increases when there is damage to the
valves.
Right heart failure (patho, CM, dx) Correct Answer-Impaired ability to
move unoxygenated blood through the lungs to be oxygenated, causing
congestion of the peripheral tissues. Manifested by dependent edema
and ascites, liver congestion and impaired function, GI tract congestion,
anorexia, GI distress, and weight loss.
left heart failure (patho, CM, dx) Correct Answer-Left sided heart
failure: Caused by the left ventricle no longer able to meet demands of
the heart which leads to the build up of fluid in the lungs. This also is
referred to as congestive heart failure. This is manifested by activity
intolerance, impaired gas exchange, cyanosis, hypoxia, pulmonary
edema, cough with frothy sputum, orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea.
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