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Davita final exam Practice Questions and Answers

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Davita final exam Practice Questions and Answers Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - ANSWER-● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane. ● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the semipermeable ...

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  • November 10, 2024
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Davita final exam Practice Questions and

Answers


Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - ANSWER✔✔-● Ultrafiltration:

Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane.




● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the semipermeable

membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are

dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.




● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from the side

with the higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This difference in solute

concentration on each side of the membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the

concentration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the

same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops.




● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from an area of high

concentration to one of low




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concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved compounds (called solutes)

will spread out until there is




an equal concentration of solute everywhere.


What are the kidneys excretory functions - ANSWER✔✔-To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes,

provide fluid and nutrient balance


What is the function of the acid concentration - ANSWER✔✔-Provides the concentration gradient for

diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes


What is the function of bicarbonate - ANSWER✔✔-Buffers the acid concentrate


Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - ANSWER✔✔-> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal

heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest


Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - ANSWER✔✔-< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,

respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest


What are the kidneys endocrine functions - ANSWER✔✔-Renin secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D

Activation


How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - ANSWER✔✔-Provide medications


How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - ANSWER✔✔-15%


What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - ANSWER✔✔-Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the

blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.


What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - ANSWER✔✔-Diabetes

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Hypertension


Polycystic Kidney Disease


Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - ANSWER✔✔--slowing the progression of ckd


-managing comorbidities and complications


-controlling symptoms


-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles


-kidney replacement therapy modality education


-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare


Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - ANSWER✔✔-So the nurse and PCT can

inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessment


Why is sodium balance important? - ANSWER✔✔-Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output,

increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased blood pressure


Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - ANSWER✔✔-Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath


Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral

neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems - ANSWER✔✔-Use hyper-fatted soaps and

lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding

problems/constipation/diarrhea


What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension - ANSWER✔✔-Left ventricular

hypertrophy


What is Percarditis? - ANSWER✔✔-Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the heart

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