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AQA GCSE Biology Paper 2 Practice Questions and Answers What is homeostasis? - ANSWER-The maintenance of a constant internal environment. What is a stimulus? - ANSWER-A change in your environment than requires a response. e.g Light, sound, touch, pressure, pain, chemical or temperature. What d...

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  • November 10, 2024
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AQA GCSE Biology Paper 2 Practice

Questions and Answers


What is homeostasis? - ANSWER✔✔-The maintenance of a constant internal environment.


What is a stimulus? - ANSWER✔✔-A change in your environment than requires a response. e.g Light,

sound, touch, pressure, pain, chemical or temperature.


What do the receptors do? - ANSWER✔✔-Detect the stimulus or change in environment.


What happens after the receptors? - ANSWER✔✔-Receptors send messages to the CNS via the sensory

neurone.


What makes up the central nervous system? - ANSWER✔✔-The brain or spinal cord


What is an effector? - ANSWER✔✔-Muscles or glands that bring about a response.


What do the muscles and glands do in response to stimuli? - ANSWER✔✔-Muscles contract and glands

secrete chemical substances(hormones).


What is a sensory neurone? - ANSWER✔✔-A neurone that carry information from the receptors to the

CNS.


What is a relay neurone? - ANSWER✔✔-Neurones that carry impulses from the sensory neurone to the

motor neurone.


What is a motor neurone? - ANSWER✔✔-Neurones that carry information from the CNS to the effectors.



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What is the nervous system? - ANSWER✔✔-It is a system that allows you to react to your surroundings.


How do signals travel across a synapse? - ANSWER✔✔-The chemical or neurotransmitter diffuses across

the synapse and binds to a complementary receptor on the neurone (postsynaptic). This causes an

electrical impulse to travel down the next neurone.


What is a synapse? - ANSWER✔✔-A gap between two neurones.


What is the thermoregulatory centre of the brain? - ANSWER✔✔-Near the hypothalamus, monitors the

temperature of blood.


Describe the stages in a reflex arc. - ANSWER✔✔-Stimulus->Receptor->sensory neurone->CNS (relay

neurone) -> motor neurone -> effector -> response


Name responses that reduce body temperature. - ANSWER✔✔-Hairs lie flat, sweat and blood vessels get

wider(vasodilation)


What happens during vasodilation? - ANSWER✔✔-The blood vessels supplying the skin dilate (widen).

This helps to transfer energy to the environment.


Name responses that increase body temperature. - ANSWER✔✔-Hairs stand up, no sweat, shivering and

blood vessels constrict(vasoconstriction)


What happens during vasoconstriction? - ANSWER✔✔-The blood vessels supplying the skin constrict to

close off the skins blood supply.


What is the body's core temp? - ANSWER✔✔-37 degrees Celsius


What are hormones? - ANSWER✔✔-Chemical messengers that travel in the blood to target organs.




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Compare and Contrast the endocrine (hormone) system and the nervous system. - ANSWER✔✔-Nervous

is faster acting than the endocrine system.


Hormones have longer lasting effects compared to electrical impulses. Nerves act on a very specific area

whereas hormones act more general.


What does the thyroid gland do? - ANSWER✔✔-Produces thyroxine which is involved in regulating

metabolism.


What do the adrenal glands do? - ANSWER✔✔-Produce adrenaline which is used to prepare the body for

fight or flight.


What is the role of the pancreas? - ANSWER✔✔-Produces glucagon and insulin which are involved in

regulating glucose levels in the blood.


Name the hormone that is released if blood sugar is too high. - ANSWER✔✔-Insulin


What does insulin do? - ANSWER✔✔-It makes the liver convert glucose into glycogen. This causes blood

glucose levels to decrease.


Name the hormone that is released if blood sugar is too low. - ANSWER✔✔-Glucagon


What does glucagon do? HINT GLU-COSE-GONE - ANSWER✔✔-It makes the liver convert glycogen to

glucose. This causes the blood glucose level to increase.


What is type I diabetes? - ANSWER✔✔-When the pancreas produces little or no insulin.


What is type II diabetes? - ANSWER✔✔-When a person becomes resistant to their own insulin. Being

overweight can increase your chances of type II diabetes.




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How can type I diabetes be treated? - ANSWER✔✔-Insulin injections, limiting intake of foods rich is

simple carbohydrates e.g. sugars and regular exercise.


How can type II diabetes be treated? - ANSWER✔✔-It can be controlled by eating a carbohydrate

controlled diet and getting regular exercise.


What is the role of the kidneys. - ANSWER✔✔-Kidneys make urine by taking unwanted waste products

out of your blood. They are involved in selective reabsorption.


Name three things that are re-absorbed by the kidneys into the blood. - ANSWER✔✔-Glucose, water and

ions.


Name three things that are removed from the body in the urine. - ANSWER✔✔-Urea, water and ions.


What is deamination? - ANSWER✔✔-Proteins (excess amino acids) cannot be stored by the body. Excess

amino acids are converted to fats and carbohydrates. This occurs in the liver.


What is produced as a waste product of deamination? - ANSWER✔✔-Ammonia is produced as a waste

product. Ammonia is toxic so it is converted into urea in the liver.


What hormone controls the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys? - ANSWER✔✔-ADH


What happens when the concentration of water in the blood is too low. I.e. the Blood is MORE

concentrated. - ANSWER✔✔-Receptors in the hypothalamus detects the water content is too low. The

coordinator in the brain receives the information and coordinates a response. The pituitary gland

produces MORE (Anti-diuretic hormone) ADH, which makes the kidney tubule MORE permeable. This

means that MORE water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream. The kidneys produce a small volume of

concentrated urine.




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