University of California
San Diego (UCSD)
COGS 107A Neuroanatomy and Physiology
COGS 107A Midterm and Final Exam
Course Title and Number: COGS 107A Neuroanatomy and
Physiology Exam
Exam Title: COGS 107A Midterm and Final Exam Exam
Exam Date: Exam 2024- 2025
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Examination
180 minutes
Instructions:
1. Read each question carefully.
2. Answer all questions.
3. Use the provided answer sheet to mark your responses.
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7. This is Exam which will assess your knowledge on the course Learning
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COGS 107A Neuroanatomy and
Physiology 2024-2025
COGS 107A Midterm 2 Exam Review Questions with
Correct Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the
Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
What did Hodgkin and Huxley contribute to the
understanding of cellular communication? - Answer>>
They discovered that axons are electrically negative at
rest and that electrical signals are carried by ion
currents (axons have a charge, changes in voltage are
the signals)
Hodgkin and Huxley - Answer>> • Hodgkin and
Huxley discover negative resting potential in a giant
squid axon
• Establish ionic basis for neuronal communication
• Signals through neuron are transmitted via ionic
currents
• Develop basic understanding of action potentials,
graded potentials
Physical properties of cell membrane - Answer>> •
Phospholipid bilayer:
• Hydrophilic head
• Hydrophobic fatty acid tails
• Capacitance:
• ability to separate and store
charge
• Resistance:
• Impermeable to ions
• Ion channels give a path for ions
to pass- establishes Rm
see #3
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How would you define the
equilibrium potential of neurons in mammals? -
Answer>> a. Vm=Vin-Vout (the voltage difference
between the inside and outside of the cell)(Vm due to
different concentrations of ions inside and outside the
cell)
b. Equilibrium occurs at some Vm where 2 forces are
balanced. In the case of neurons, ions face osmotic
pressure (ions move down their concentration gradient)
and electrostatic pressure
c. Resting Equilibrium/Membrane: (-65 to -70 mV in
mammals)
Describe the categories of neurotransmitters, their
characteristics and roles. - Answer>> a. Amino Acid
(data transmission)(fast action, short duration,
ionotropic(mainly))
1. glutamate
- excitatory
2. Aspartate
3. GABA
- inhibitory
4. Glycine
- Obligatory co-agonist
- Inhibitory at its "own" receptor
b. Biogenic Amines (neuromodulation)(slow action, long
duration, metabotropic(mainly)
1. ACh
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