CDCES STUDY TEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
CDCES
Institution
CDCES
CDCES STUDY TEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Medicare Managed Care - Answer- -referred to Medicare C
-parts A and B, but when a carrier takes over management
-should offer same benefits as A and B do
fee for service - Answer- -provider bills insurance after services have been provi...
CDCES STUDY TEST QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Medicare Managed Care - Answer- -referred to Medicare C
-parts A and B, but when a carrier takes over management
-should offer same benefits as A and B do
fee for service - Answer- -provider bills insurance after services have been provided
-insured person pays monthly premium and deductible
medical necessity - Answer- if person needs coverage, supplies, meds and they aren't
covered under current policy criteria, provider can fill out documentation to justify the
additional coverage is needed
type 1 diabetes - Answer- -autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas
-absolute deficiency of endogenous insulin
-lower in adults, rapid in children
-low C peptide levels
-prone to other autoimmune issues
-GAD antibody is best immunologic predictor of this
honeymoon period - Answer- glucose control appears normal but beta cell destruction
continues
type 2 diabetes - Answer- -insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
-exogenous insulin not needed for immediate survival
-abdominal body fat increases risk
-develops gradually, often asymptomatic
-significant genetic predisposition
testing for GDM - Answer- screen for this between 24-28 weeks gestation
pre diabetes - Answer- -glucose levels are above normal but not yet in range to be
classified as full diabetes
-risk factors: increased abdominal fat, dyslipidemia, HTN
-make lifestyle changes to delay onset
fuel metabolism - Answer- -insulin and amylin help regulate glucose levels
-insulin transports insulin in the blood, inhibits production of glucose from liver, inhibits
glucagon release from alpha cells
,-amylin inhibits glucose secretion, inhibits glucose in blood by slowing gastric emptying
fasting state - Answer- -blood sugars maintained by liver
-body not provided energy = liver releases glucgon
fed state - Answer- -carbs are eaten
-fuel metabolism is started
-insulin takes action, glucagon is low
post-absorptive state - Answer- -4-16 hours after carbs eaten
-insulin levels decrease
-glucagon increases
-blood sugar maintained by hepatic resources
pre diabetes diagnosis criteria - Answer- -fasting blood sugar between 100-125
-blood glucose between 140-199 2 hours OGTT
-A1c 5.7-6.4%
weight loss goals - Answer- -5-7% decrease in weight can positively affect BP, glucose
control, A1c, lipids, energy, improve attitude
-approach goals in achievable baby steps and then focus on maintenance
-small and stable is better than large and fast
-consistent CHO intake and increase activity
-bariatric surgery if BMI >= 35
CGM time in range goals - Answer- -in range >= 70% in 14 days
-below range <4% and severe low <1% in 14 days
-above range <25% for 181-250 and <5% for over 250 in 14 days
diet issues to address - Answer- -portion control
-food labels
-meal planning
-shopping
-cooking
-food insecurity
-modifying recipes
-eating out
-sick day management
general goals for diabetes - Answer- -A1c 7-8% (individualized)
-BP <140/90
-LDL <100 mg/dL
-HDL >40-50 mg/dL (men-women)
-achieve/maintain body weight goals
-prevent or delay complications
, medical nutrition therapy - Answer- -specific nutrition diagnosis therapy and counseling
for purposes of disease management
-only RD or RDN can bill for this!!!
MNT goals - Answer- -achieve and maintain glycemic control
-reduce CVD risk by improving lipid panel
-maintain BP goals
-prevent long term complications
-individualize needs based on personal, cultural, and willingness to make changes
-integrate meal plan with insulin regimen
-maintain eating as pleasure activity
-meet lifestyle needs
-address food insecurity
type 1 nutrition goals - Answer- -integrate insulin therapy into eating and physical
activity routine
-those with fixed insulin regime should focus on consistency in eating routine and carb
intake
-carb counting and meal planning
-sick day guidance
-rescue for lows
type 2 nutrition needs - Answer- -moderate 5-7% weight loss
-150 minutes of moderate activity each week
-reduce fat and calories in diet
-14gm/1000 calories of dietary fiber daily, half from whole grains
kids/teens nutrition needs - Answer- -involve them with food planning and shopping
-involve with food prep
-need to involve entire family
-adjust to meet nutritional needs for growth and activity
-focus on nutrient dense foods
type 2 in kids and teens goals/interventions - Answer- -promote 60 minutes per day of
physical activity
-limit non-academic screen time to less than 2 hours daily
-cessation of excessive weight gain
-get to near normal fasting glucose levels and A1c
macronutrients - Answer- -carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
-carbs affect blood glucose levels
-protein and fat support body but do not raise glucose
-no specific percentages to aim for
-individualize needs
micronutrients - Answer- -vitamins, minerals, water
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