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ANS 319 – APPUHAMY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANS 319 – APPUHAMY EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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ANS 319 – APPUHAMY EXAM 4 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
C-H - ANSWER Minerals are inorganic meaning they do not have
________ bonds
energy (ATP) - ANSWER Because minerals are inorganic and lack C-H
bond that can not provide __________.
macrominerals - ANSWER Minerals that are required in large quantities
Ca, P, Na, Mg, K, Cl, and S - ANSWER What are the macrominerals?
Build and maintain healthy bones and teeth, create and transmit nerve
impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, ensure optimum fluid
volume in body, assist in the absorption of macronutrients, and activate
enzymes in energy metabolism - ANSWER Why are minerals
important?
Ca - ANSWER The most abundant mineral in the body
Ca transporters (apical membrane), calbindin (cytoplasm), and ATP-
dependent calcium pumps (basolateral membrane) - ANSWER What
are the three proteins that facilitate Ca absorption?
vitamin D3 - ANSWER What vitamin enhances Ca absorption?
increases the synthesis of Ca transporters and calbindin, and increases
the activity of ATP-dependent Ca pumps - ANSWER How does vitamin
D3 enhance Ca absorption?
growth, lactation, pregnancy - ANSWER When would an animal
experience an increase in calcium absorption?
Vitamin D3 deficiency, high phosphorus in diet, oxalic and phytic acid in
diet, and age plays a factor (old animals) - ANSWER Factors that
cause calcium absorption to decrease.
, bone mineralization - ANSWER The process that builds bones using
Ca in the blood
bone resorption - ANSWER The process that breaks down bones and
release Ca to blood
rickets - ANSWER Ca or vitamin D3 deficiency that causes softening of
bones in young animals due to failure of deposition of calcium in the
bones
osteoporosis - ANSWER mature animals can develop _____________,
where bones become porous and brittle
Vitamin D3, PTH, and Calcitonin - ANSWER What three hormones are
responsible for regulation of blood Ca concentration in the blood?
increase blood Ca by increasing Ca absorption from SI and increasing
Ca reabsorption from the kidneys - ANSWER How does vitamin D3
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
increases blood Ca by enhancing bone resorption and increasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - ANSWER How does PTH regulate Ca
concentrations in circulation?
decreases blood Ca by increasing bone mineralization and decreasing
Ca reabsorption from the kidneys - ANSWER How does Calcitonin
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
hypocalcemia (milk fever) - ANSWER Problem that can occur in early
lactation dairy cows when they have a severe decline in blood Ca
Not totally clear. May have low vitamin D3 and PTH and bones,
intestines, and kidneys may be less responsive to these hormones.
More susceptible due to activation of the immune system. - ANSWER
Why does hypocalcemia only occur in some cows?
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