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ANS 319 IOWA STATE EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
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ANS 319 IOWA STATE EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS...
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ANS 319 IOWA STATE EXAM 3 QUESTIONSAND VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is needed to produce protein? - ANSWER AA (building blocks)
ATP (energy)
From what two places do the rumen microbes get AA? - ANSWER 1.
AA from digesting feeds
2. Use AA produced by themselves
What are keto acids? what is it a product of? - ANSWER Compounds
leaving ketone and acid
Product of glycolysis, TCA, and fermentation
(fermentation of carbohydrates should provide keto acids for the
production of new amino acids, and provide energy for ATP for microbial
protein synthesis)
What 2 things in feed would provide amino groups to amino acids? -
ANSWER 1. Amino acids
2. NPN (urea)
if animals ingest too much urea and don't have enough keto acids to trap
it into new amino acids, what will happen - ANSWER Ammonia will
diffuse into the blood
What happens when ammonia is in the blood? - ANSWER highly toxic -
liver converts to urea
What condition happens when the liver can't convert enough ammonia
into urea? - ANSWER hyperammonemia
What happens when the body goes into hyperammonemia? and how do
you prevent it? - ANSWER disrupts CNS,
1. prevent overfeeding of urea
2. feed quick fermenting carbs
,What is urea recycling? and by what 2 processes? - ANSWER urea in
blood returns to rumen
1. through rumen wall
2. with saliva
What are 2 advantages of urea recycling? and what is a way to increase
urea recycling? - ANSWER 1. NH3 has a second chance to be used for
amino acid synthesis
2. Less urea excreted in urine
protect amino acid from microbes in a fat capsule
How are lipids measured? - ANSWER in EE: ether estracts
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Soluble in H2O? Soluble in
organic compounds? - ANSWER Hydrophobic, No, ether
What are 4 forms of lipids? - ANSWER Fat, oil, fatty acids, cholesterol
Do lipids have more or less hydrogens than carbohydrates? Does this
mean more or less energy? - ANSWER More, more
(in the body carbohydrates, glycogen, are bound to 2x water. Fat is not
bound to water and therefore has 7x more energy)
What are 6 functions of fat in the body? - ANSWER 1. energy source
2. cell membrane
3. hormones and vitamin D
4. absorption of vitamins
5. insulate body
6. cushion organs
What are the 2 classifications for lipids? - ANSWER glycerol based and
non-glycerol based
Glycerol - ANSWER 3 carbon molecule (backbone for lipids)
Triglycerides - ANSWER 3 fatty acids bound to 1 glycerol
Glycolipids - ANSWER 1 or more sugar unit bound to glycerol
, phospholipids - ANSWER 1 phosphate group bound to glycerol
Fatty acids - ANSWER carboxyl group and carbohydrogen chain
What are the 2 terminal ends of fatty acids? - ANSWER carboxyl and
methyl ends
What are 2 systems to classify fatty acids? - ANSWER Length and
number of double bonds
How many carbons in a fatty acid short chain? Medium chain? long
chain? what size are VFA's? - ANSWER <6
6-12
14-24
short
What are fatty acids with no double bonds? with double bonds? -
ANSWER saturated, unsaturated
What are unsaturated fatty acids with 1 double bond? more than one
double bond? - ANSWER monosaturated, polysaturated
All long fatty acids chain have and even number, why? - ANSWER In
plants and animals add 2 carbons at a time for long fatty acid chains
which are more saturated, plant or animal lipids? - ANSWER Animal
lipids and are therefore usually found solid at room temp. Plant lipids are
less saturated and therefore are usually found liquid at room temp
What is the nomenclature of fatty acids? - ANSWER name, number of
carbons: number of double bonds
How does the omega (w) system work? - ANSWER begin at methyl
end, position of first double bond
How does the delta (^) system work? - ANSWER begin at carboxyl
end, position of all double bonds
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