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ANS 319 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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ANS 319 EXAM 1 QUESTIONSAND CORRECT ANSWERS
Dry Matter? - ANSWER - Is a fundamental concept in animal
agriculture
- Non-water component of feed/food
- "solids"
- Is the economic aspect of animal nutrition
Dry Weight? - ANSWER Weight of food/feedstuff when completely
dried
What is the difference between dry matter and as-fed? - ANSWER DM
- feed without water (what Ag buys)
AF - feed with water (what animal eats)
When converting as-fed into dry matter what happens to the % of the
nutrients? - ANSWER The % of the nutrients will increase going from
AF to DM
NOTE: the % chances but the g of nutrients does not change
Why is it important to put things on a DM basis? - ANSWER Cost and
Nutrient Value
___g = 1 Ib - ANSWER 454 g = 1 Ib
1 ton = ___kg - ANSWER 1 ton = 908 kg
What is occurs during fermentation? - ANSWER Microorganisms +
Glucose = VFA/Lactate/Alcohol + CO₂
Where does fermentation occur? What are some types of
fermentation(examples)? - ANSWER In a close environment where
,there is no supply of oxygen and open environments where oxygen is
plentiful
Some Types:
- Rumen and hindgut fermentation - via microorganisms
- Alcohol fermentation - via microorganisms
- Lactic acid fermentation - in oxygen deprived muscles
- Bread making - via microorganisms
Fermentation? - ANSWER Process of transforming carbohydrates into
alcohol and CO₂ or organic acids through yeast, bacteria, or a
combination of the two
Calories? - ANSWER Measure of fuel you get from the food you eat
Energy (people need about 2,000/day)
Gluten? - ANSWER Protein in some grains
Lactose? - ANSWER Sugar, no lactose in most solid cheese
Flatulence? - ANSWER Demonstrates fermentation is occurring, gas
What is the basic path of feed to waste through the body? - ANSWER
Feeds -digestion-> Nutrients -Absorption-> Tissues
Tissues -metabolism-> Metabolites -excretion-> waste
↓
→Maintenance, Repro, Neonate, Growth, Lactation, Work
Do plants, dairy farmers, and dairy cows all have the same goals? -
ANSWER NO
- Plant Goals: reach repro maturity, develop & protect viable seeds, not
to be consumed by a ruminant
- Dairy Farmer Goals: harvest highest quality, harvest adequate tonnage
- Dairy Cow Goals: extract energy from starch and fiber
Every part in the system has a different goal
What are the types of carbohydrates? - ANSWER Non-structural Carbs
, Structural Carbs
Carbohydrates? - ANSWER Organic compound with CHO in it
Non-structural Carbohydrates? - ANSWER Soluble sugars and pectin
- very digestible
Structural Carbohydrates? - ANSWER Fiber, usually discussed when
talking about ruminants
Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
- gives plant structure(seen in stem), less digestible
Cellulose & hemicellulose are partially digestible in small intestine
What is the components of a plant cell? - ANSWER Primary(outer
most) and Secondary(inner most) Wall: contains structural carbs
- PW = cellulose and lignin
-SW = hemicellulose
Cell Content: protein, sugar, starch, pectins, fats
What occurs when a plant matures? - ANSWER It gains more structural
carbs, hull gets thicker
- digestibility decreases when structural carbs increase
What is the quality of feed determined by? - ANSWER Digestibility
What do plants do? Where does it get its nutrients? What is its make
up? - ANSWER PHOTOSYNTHESIS
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Uptake of nutrients occur at roots & leaves
- Roots absorb water & minerals from soil
- CO₂ diffuses into leaves from surrounding air through stomata
- Stalk prevent plant from falling (root)
-- structural carbs are more in root than leaves (leaves more digestible)
Most of plant is organic matter -> Mostly CARBS
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