Psychology 120 Purdue University Exam
1 (Chapters 1-4) Questions and answers
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What is the scientific method? - ✔✔The scientific method is a systematic
approach that scientists as well as psychologists use to conduct experiments.
Steps of the scientific method - ✔✔Steps of the scientific method include:
- Observe
- Detect regularities: do certain factors trigger certain resposnes?
- Generate hypothesis
- Observe and compare to results
,Theory - ✔✔Attempts to predict and explain events
Hypothesis - ✔✔Can be tested by experiments
Goals of Psychological Research - ✔✔Goals of psychological research include:
- Observing behavior
-Predicting behavior
- Explaining Behavior
Descriptive Research - ✔✔This type of research is more based on observation
and leads to information about behavior.
Reactivity - ✔✔The idea that participants of a study would act differently if
they were aware that they were being watched/ observed.
,Naturalistic Observation - ✔✔Researchers observe participants without
creating any interference to the situation. Naturalistic observation has high
external validity because it can represent the real world.
Case studies - ✔✔Case studies are used as references or starting points
for research and experiments, these studies refer to one individual.
Surveys - ✔✔Surveys are used to gather information about a general population.
For the most part, surveys tend to be voluntary participation based.
Use of random sampling - ✔✔Random sampling is used to achieve a
representative sample from the population and to increase external validity and
internal validity.
Achievement Test - ✔✔Achievement tests measures knowledge and skills of
an individual.
, Aptitude Test - ✔✔Aptitude test measures how likely people are succeed
at performing certain tasks.
3 Measures of central tendency - ✔✔Mean: the average of the data set
Median: the middle number of the data set
Mode:the most repetitive number in a data set
2 Measures of Variability - ✔✔- Range: the spread of the numbers, or how
much they vary
- Standard Deviation: how much number in the data set vary from the mean.
Inferential Statistics - ✔✔Inferential Statistics are used by researchers to
further their research and determine what areas to focus on.
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