Capstone Pediatrics Review Questions With Complete
Solutions
A 1-month-old infant is seen in a clinic and is diagnosed with
developmental dysplasia of the hip. On assessment, the nurse
understands that which finding should be noted in this
condition? Correct Answer Limited range of motion in the
affected hip
A 10-year-old child with asthma is treated for acute
exacerbation in the emergency department. The nurse caring for
the child should monitor for which sign, knowing that it
indicates a worsening of the condition? Correct Answer
Decreased wheezing
A 10-year-old child with hemophilia A has slipped on the ice
and bumped his knee. The nurse should prepare to administer
which prescription? Correct Answer Intravenous infusion of
factor VIII
A 4-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for abdominal
pain. The mother reports that the child has been pale and
excessively tired and is bruising easily. On physical
examination, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are
noted. Diagnostic studies are being performed because acute
lymphocytic leukemia is suspected. The nurse determines that
which laboratory result confirms the diagnosis? Correct Answer
Bone marrow biopsy showing blast cells
A 4-year-old child sustains a fall at home. After an x-ray
examination, the child is determined to have a fractured arm and
,a plaster cast is applied. The nurse provides instructions to the
parents regarding care for the child's cast. Which statement by
the parents indicates a need for further instruction? Correct
Answer "I can use lotion or powder around the cast edges to
relieve itching."
A 55 year old male client confides in the nurse that he is
concerned about his sexual function. What is the nurse's best
response? Correct Answer "Please share with me more about
your concerns."
A 6-year-old child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
infection has been admitted to the hospital for pain management.
The child asks the nurse if the pain will ever go away. The nurse
should make which best response to the child? Correct Answer
"I know it must hurt, but if you tell me when it does, I will try to
make it hurt a little less."
A 6-year-old child with leukemia is hospitalized and is receiving
combination chemotherapy. Laboratory results indicate that the
child is neutropenic, and protective isolation procedures are
initiated. The grandmother of the child visits and brings a fresh
bouquet of flowers picked from her garden and asks the nurse
for a vase for the flowers. Which response should the nurse
provide to the grandmother? Correct Answer "The flowers
from your garden are beautiful, but should not be placed in the
child's room at this time."
A 7-year-old child is seen in a clinic, and the pediatrician
documents a diagnosis of nighttime (nocturnal) enuresis. The
nurse should provide which information to the parents? Correct
,Answer Nighttime (nocturnal) enuresis is usually outgrown
without therapeutic intervention.
A child has a right femur fracture caused by a motor vehicle
crash and is placed in skin traction temporarily until surgery can
be performed. During assessment, the nurse notes that the
dorsalis pedis pulse is absent on the right foot. Which action
should the nurse take? Correct Answer Notify the primary
health care provider (PHCP).
A child has been diagnosed with acute otitis media of the right
ear. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of
care? Select all that apply. Correct Answer 1. Provide a soft
diet.
5. Administer ibuprofen for fever every 4 hours as prescribed
and as needed.
6. Instruct the parents about the need to administer the
prescribed antibiotics for the full course of therapy.
A child has fluid volume deficit. The nurse performs an
assessment and determines that the child is improving and the
deficit is resolving if which finding is noted? Correct Answer
Capillary refill is less than 2 seconds.
A child is diagnosed with Reye's syndrome. The nurse creates a
nursing care plan for the child and should include which
intervention in the plan? Correct Answer Providing a quiet
atmosphere with dimmed lighting
, A child is hospitalized because of persistent vomiting. The nurse
should monitor the child closely for which problem? Correct
Answer Metabolic alkalosis
A child is placed in skeletal traction for treatment of a fractured
femur. The nurse creates a plan of care and should include
which intervention? Correct Answer Check the primary health
care provider's (PHCP's) prescriptions for the amount of weight
to be applied.
A child undergoes surgical removal of a brain tumor. During the
postoperative period, the nurse notes that the child is restless, the
pulse rate is elevated, and the blood pressure has decreased
significantly from the baseline value. The nurse suspects that the
child is in shock. Which is the most appropriate nursing action?
Correct Answer Notify the primary health care provider
(PHCP)
A child who has undergone spinal fusion for scoliosis complains
of abdominal discomfort and begins to have episodes of
vomiting. On further assessment, the nurse notes abdominal
distention. On the basis of these findings, the nurse should take
which action? Correct Answer Notify the primary health care
provider (PHCP).
A child with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is placed in a cool
mist tent. The mother becomes concerned because the child is
frightened, consistently crying, and trying to climb out of the
tent. Which is the most appropriate
nursing action? Correct Answer Let the mother hold the child
and direct the cool mist over the child's face.
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