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Final Exam Psych 242-CogSci 209-Ling 209 Questions and Answers
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Final Exam Psych 242-CogSci 209-Ling 209 Questions and Answers
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Final Exam Psych 242/CogSci 209/Ling209 Questions and Answers
Mind-body problem - Answers -- cannot fully explain how the brain (physical) and the
mind (immaterial) connect
- no different than how more "traditional" scientific disciplines developed
Natural object - Answers -- Language is part of the natural world.
- Objects in the natural world must be studied via scientific methodology.
- Hence, Language should be studied using scientific methodology.
I-Language - Answers -a cognitive system that is internal to the human mind
Methodological dualism - Answers -REJECT
- Necessary to utilize a different methodology than those to study external events
REJECT
- by rejecting, we continue use of scientific method to study linguistics
What Language is NOT - Answers -- a form of communication or expression
- thought
- a repository of culture
- an orthography (writing system)
Language is a part of the human (mind/brain) - Answers -mind
E-Language - Answers -any outward expression of I-Language
- ex. speech, signs, writing
Four Defining Properties of Language - Answers -- Meaningful
- Infinitely Generative
- Rule-Governed
- Spontaneously acquired
Meaningful - Answers -- Convert thought into linguistic object
- Linguistic object retains meaning when recalled
Form-Meaning Pair (Sound-Meaning Pair) - Answers -form - object's "shape"
(phonology)
meaning - object's interpretation or function (semantics)
, Infinitely Generative - Answers -- no limit to sentences that can be produced in a
Language
- recursion
Recursion - Answers -- part of computational part of Language
- sentences are infinite
EXAMPLE
- Brenda saw Keisha
- Marks thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
- Kim asked whether Mark thinks that Brenda saw Keisha
Rule-governed - Answers -- Language is systematic cognitive system
- rules are computational in essence
- rules are unconscious knowledge
Reduplication - Answers -- a syllable structure phonological process that involves the
repetition of a syllable of a word
- changes meaning of the word
Grammatical - Answers -Conforms to rules of an individual's I-Language
Ungrammatical - Answers -Violates rules of an individual's I-Language
Spontaneously acquired by infants of the species - Answers -- All humans born with
genetic endowment to acquire a complete language system
- process is rapid, unconscious, and effortless
- Humans learn their first language because they are humans
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - Answers -the idea that different languages create different
ways of thinking
REJECTED
Idiolect - Answers -individual grammar
Dialect - Answers -a group of speakers who speak the same language, and have more
commonalities in that variety than other speakers of the language.
language - Answers -a variety of Language that is used by a collection of
speakers/signers (e.g., Warlpiri, Danish, Nicaraguan Sign Language, Japanese...)
mutual intelligibility - Answers -- The ability of two people to understand each other
when speaking
- shared by speakers/signers of a language
Parity - Answers -- no language system is greater than another when compared
scientifically
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