100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
CogSci 115 Final Exam Questions and Answers $12.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

CogSci 115 Final Exam Questions and Answers

 4 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Cognitive Science
  • Institution
  • Cognitive Science

CogSci 115 Final Exam Questions and Answers

Preview 3 out of 30  pages

  • November 8, 2024
  • 30
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Cognitive Science
  • Cognitive Science
avatar-seller
millyphilip
CogSci 115 Final Exam Questions and
Answers

goals and focuses of CBT - Answers -- focus: changing maladaptive thinking
- goals: minimize negative and self-defeating thoughts, cultivate positive and goal-
consistent thoughts

cognitive reappraisal of emotion - Answers -- identify and change the way situations,
emotions, etc are viewed in order to change their affective impact
- increases positive emotions, decreases negative emotions
- very very common in psychotherapy

reappraisal recruits _________ regions - Answers -prefrontal cortex (including dmPFC,
dlPFC, vlPFC: executive functions, cognitive elaboration), lateral temporal cortex
(semantic and perceptual representation), posterior parietal cortex (sustained attention),
modulated emotional responding in the amygdala

suggested way cognitive reappraisal works - Answers -changing the meaning we give to
a stimulus --> reduces amygdala activity --> potentially stressful stimuli less stressful

emotion regulation is modulated by interconnections of which areas? many of these
connections play a role in cognitive reappraisal - Answers -- orbitrofrontal cortex (OFC):
evaluation of emotional salience, selection of behaviors
- anterior cingulate cortex (ACC): emotional state interpretation, motivated behavior
- anterior insular cortex (AIC): conscious appraisal of bodily states to trigger emotion
regulation processes
- AMYGDALA

EEG studies about cognitive reappraisal found: - Answers -- reduction in magnitude of
late positive potential (LPP) was found in response to negative stimuli

caveats to cognitive reappraisal - Answers -- may be maladaptive when stressors are
controllable (patients with controllable stress --> higher cognitive reappraisal ability was
associated with greater levels of depression)
- may be adaptive when stressors are uncontrollable (patients with uncontrollable stress
--> higher cognitive reappraisal ability was associated with lower levels of depression)

what is negative reappraisal? what is positive reappraisal? - Answers -- negative:
decreasing negative condition, "this situation is not as bad as it first seemed"
- positive: increasing positive condition, "they will be grateful that they had this
experience"

,fMRI results of positive vs negative reappraisal - Answers -- both shortened duration of
responses in the amygdala, insula, and superior temporal gyrus and lengthened
responses in PFC regions
- only negative decreased intensity of amygdala activation
- intensity of activity in medial PFC (cog. control of emotion) only increased in positive

overall takeaways of positive vs negative reappraisal - Answers -- positive may involve
more engagement with the emotional stimulus / positive may require more active
cognitive effort

traditional CBT uses your _____ to help guide your ________ - Answers -thoughts,
emotions

newer variants of CBT uses your ______ to help guide your ______ - Answers -
emotions, thoughts

_______ reappraisal led to greater increases in positive affect and smaller decreases in
skin conductance than ______ appraisal - Answers -positive, negative

study about technique of suppressing emotions revealed: - Answers -- experience and
express less positive emotion and greater negative emotion
- have worse interpersonal functioning
- report lower overall levels of well-being

future gain reappraisal tactic - Answers -- one big factor in determining whether you see
a situation as stressful or as a challenge is your beliefs about the eventual outcome
- epitomizes what optimism is all about

breast cancer survivor study (future gain reappraisal tactic) - Answers -key factor that
distinguished survivors was the view that their lives had been altered for the better after
developing the disease (2/3 of survivors reported this)

study on preschoolers first day of school - Answers -- outgoing, socially competent, well
liked: showed high activity in stress hormones on first day of school, decreased as year
went on
- unhappy, socially isolated: low stress hormone levels on first day, increased
throughout year

people have more peak experiences during (work or leisure time)? what does that
suggest? - Answers -- work! but they will say that they prefer leisure time
- suggests our association of effort with pain and leisure with pleasure is so deeply
rooted that it distorts our perception of the actual experience
- severely limits our potential for happiness if we cannot recognize our positive
experiences

, what is defensive pessimism? does it work? in what settings? - Answers -- some people
use fear of failure to motivate themselves
- can work in short run, but in long run is a recipe for burnout, low self esteem, and
unhappiness

research showed that effectiveness of reappraisal ___________(increased/decreased)
with age. activity in the __________ also ___________ (increased/decreased) with age.
- Answers -increased; prefrontal; increased

older individuals showed greater drops in ________(positive/negative) affect and
greater decreases in ________-________(parts of brain) connectivity after reappraisal -
Answers -negative, rostrolateral prefrontal-amygdala

behavioral activation - Answers -one of the most effective and widely-used treatments
for emotion dysregulation

behavioral activation process for depression - Answers -- clients are asked to rate the
degree of pleasure/accomplishment they feel during specific activities
- asked to establish/maintain regular routines that encompass activities that have high
scores
- often ones that provide pleasant experiences, social support, or experiences of
mastery

Schwartz CBT technique treatment for OCD - Answers -- paying attention to the facts of
a perception without reacting to them
- learning to experience an OCD symptom without reacting emotionally

4 Rs of OCD CBT Treatment - Answers -- relabel: identify what's real and refuse to be
misled by obsessive thoughts
- reattribute: understand that those thoughts/urges are just false messages being sent
from your brain
- refocus: turns your attention to more constructive behavior
- revalue: see these thoughts as the useless garbage that they are

OCD neural explanation - Answers -- hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal region (serves to
identify when something is amiss)
- caudate nucleus (execution of motor behavior with inputs from the orbitofrontal and
amygdala)
- together form the "worry circuit"
- OCD is buzzing with activity

degree of improvement of OCD symptoms correlated with increase in ____________
activity - Answers -right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller millyphilip. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart