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NSG 121 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS / LATEST
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NSG 121 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS / LATEST
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NSG 121 - EXAM 1When should pain be assessed? - ANSWERS-- with vital signs
- before and after interventions (1 hour for oral med, 30 min for IV med)
When attempting to perform a pain assessment on a patient who cannot self-
report, do the following: - ANSWERS-- attempt a self-report of pain
- try to identify potential causes for pain
- observe patient behaviors
- ask family/caregivers if they have noticed changes in behavior
- attempt an analgesic trial
pain-facilitating substances - ANSWERS-- substance P
- bradykinin - protein that lowers BP, widens blood vessels
- glutamate - neurotransmitter
pain-blocking substances - ANSWERS-- serotonin
- opioids
- gamma-aminobutyric acid
steps of nociception - ANSWERS-- transduction
- transmission
,- perception
- modulation
pain locations - ANSWERS-- visceral pain: abdominal organs (cramping/gnawing)
- somatic pain: muscles, bones, joints (sharp)
- cutaneous pain: skin, subQ (burning, sharp)
- referred pain: felt in an area different from originating source
Gate Control Theory of Pain: 5 steps of pain transmission - ANSWERS-- gate opens
due to continued pain stimulus
- pain passes from PNS to CNS
- pain passes from spine to limbic system, cerebral cortex
- stimulus identified as pain in cerebral cortex
- passes through efferent pathways, reaction created
peripheral sensitization - ANSWERS-result of inflammatory process that creates
hypersensitivity to touch or pressure (affects peripheral nervous system PNS)
Ex: lightly touching skin that has a sunburn
central sensitization - ANSWERS-hypersensitivity to stimuli from things that are
not typically painful (affects spinal cord and brain CNS)
Ex: person with migraines reports pain with brushing hair
, FLACC stands for what? - ANSWERS-- face
- legs
- activity
- crying
- consolability
assessment of pain for patients 2 months to 7 years old
FACES pain assessment - ANSWERS-- no hurt 0
- hurts little bit 2
- hurts little more 4
- hurts even more 6
- hurts whole lot 8
- hurts worst 10
used for patients > 3 years
cultural considerations for pain assessment - ANSWERS-- healthcare providers are
more likely to underestimate pain scores in racial and ethnic minority patients
- women experience more IBS, fibromyalgia, TMJ, and migraine pain than men
What is the most common clinical interpretation of pain transmission? -
ANSWERS-Nociception
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