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PCAT Study Guide Questions and answers with 100% Complete Solutions | verified &updated 2024
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PCAT Study Guide Questions and answers with 100% Complete Solutions | verified &updated 2024
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PCAT Study Guide Questions and answerswith 100% Complete Solutions | verified
&updated 2024
TCA cycle - ✔✔acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate, release 2
CO2, and regenerate oxlaloacetate for another cycle. For each cycle 1 ATP
produced thru SLP, 3NAD+ and 1 FADH are reduced and transport e- to ETC
net reaction of TCA cycle per glucose - ✔✔2 acetyl-CoA + 6 NAD+ + 2 FAD +
2GDP + 2 Pi + 4 H2O --> 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP + 4 H+ + 2 CoA
microtubules - ✔✔made up of tubulin
framework for organelle movement
make up centrioles, cilia, and flagella
,microfilaments - ✔✔made up of actin
cell movement and contraction
pinocytosis - ✔✔ingestion of fluids or small particles
phagocytosis - ✔✔engulfing of large particles
brownian movement - ✔✔kinetic energy spreads small suspended
particles throughout the cytoplasm of the cell
cyclosis or streaming - ✔✔circular motion of cytoplasm around cell
transports molecules
ER - ✔✔provides direct continuous passageway from plasma membrane to
nuclear membrane
,karyokinesis - ✔✔nuclear division
disjunction - ✔✔occurs during anaphase I in meiosis when homologous pairs
of chromosomes separate and are puled to opposite poles of the cell.
distribution of homologous chromosomes to daughter cells is random
with respect to parental origin
how is meiosis II different from mitosis? - ✔✔meiosis II is not preceded
by chromosomal replication
new cells have 2N chromosomes instead of 4N
alcohol fermentation - ✔✔occurs in yeast and some bacteria
pyruvate produced during glycolysis is converted to enthanol, NAD+
is regenerated and glycolysis can continue
, lactic acid fermentation - ✔✔occurs in certain fungi, bacteria, and human
muscle cells
when aerobic respiration isn't enough, pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid
NAD+ is regenerated when pyruvate is reduced
pyruvate dexarboxylation - ✔✔first stage of cell respiration
pyruvate formed from glycolysis is transported from cytoplasm into mitochondrial
matrix where it is decarboxylated
acetyl group that remains is transferred to coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
NAD+----> NADH
citric acid cycle: process - ✔✔2 acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate to
form citrate
series of reactions-2 CO2 released, oxaloacetate is regenerated for use in another
turn of cycle
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