Exam (elaborations)
FCCN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FCCN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FCCN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSIntracellular - answers- fluid found inside the cells
Extracelluar - answers- fluid found outside the cells
Osmosis - answers- fluid moving passively across semipermeable membrane from
areas with more fluid to areas with less fluid
Diffusion - answers- solutes move through semipermeable membrane from area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
What should map be greater than? - answers- 60
Another name for adh - answers- vasopressin
Normal bun level - answers- 7-20
Examples of isotonic - answers- ns, lr
What is hypotonic - answers- cell swells. More fluid in cell; diluted electrolytes
Examples of hypotonic - answers- 0.45 ns, d5w
When would you use hypotonic fluids? - answers- gi fluid loss, hypernatremia
Normal na levels - answers- 135-145
S/s hyponatremia - answers- weakness, ab cramping, postural dizziness, decreased
skin turgor, flat neck veins
Treatment? - answers- fluid restriction; potentially give fluids with sodium
S/s hypernatremia - answers- dry mouth, thirst, swollen tongue (severe dehydration)
Treatment? - answers- fluids fluids fluids
Normal k levels - answers- 3.5-5.0
S/s hypokalemia - answers- muscle weakness & cramps, irregular pulse
Prolonged qt, st segment depression, u wave
Treatment? - answers- give k
, S/s hyperkalemia - answers- muscle twitching, weakness, flaccid paralysis (during life
threatening arrhythmias)
Tall t waves
Treatment? - answers- iv insulin and dextrose; dialysis
Normal ca levels - answers- 8.5-10.5
S/s hypocalcemia - answers- - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive dtrs
- positive chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Treatment? - answers- ca gluconate, potentially replace mg, seizure precautions
S/s hypercalcemia - answers- muscle weakness, nausea, confusion and abdominal
pain
Treatment for hypercalcemia - answers- a lot of times don't fix unless symptomatic
Normal mg levels - answers- 1.5-2.5
S/s hypomagnesium - answers- weakness, confusion, muscle twitching
Treatment? - answers- mg
S/s hypermagnesium - answers- diminished reflexes
Resp depression
Hypotension
Flush, feeling of warmth, sweating
Bradycardia
Drowsiness
Treatment? - answers- diuretics, dialysis
Normal phosphorus levels - answers- 2.5-4.5
S/s of hypophosphatemia - answers- weakness, poor oxygenation, confusion
Treatment - answers- phosphate, assess for hypercalcemia (inverse relationship)
S/s of hyperphosphatemia - answers- -same as hypocalcemia
-dysrhythmias
-tetany
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