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NDSU Microbiology 202 Exam 2 - Gustad Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update $13.09   Add to cart

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NDSU Microbiology 202 Exam 2 - Gustad Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update

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sterilization elimination of all microbial life (including endospores) methods moist heat (autoclave:15psi, 121oC, 15m) dry heat (170oC, 2hr) radiation filtration (0.2m) gas pasteurization moderate heat, eliminates pathogens and reduces #'s Radiation Ionizing and Nonionizing io...

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  • November 8, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NDSU Microbiology 202 Exam 2 - Gustad
Questions and Correct Answers the Latest
Update
sterilization

✓ elimination of all microbial life (including endospores)



methods

✓ moist heat (autoclave:15psi, 121oC, 15m)

✓ dry heat (170oC, 2hr)

✓ radiation

✓ filtration (0.2m)

✓ gas



pasteurization

✓ moderate heat, eliminates pathogens and reduces #'s



Radiation

✓ Ionizing and Nonionizing



ionizing radiation

✓ gamma rays, X-rays, electron beams: lethality due to generation of free radicals which
damage DNA




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nonionizing radiation

✓ UV light: lethality due to generation of thymine dimers



Microbial Characteristics and Control

✓ -Gram (-) bacteria more resistant than Gram(+) due to LPS layer

✓ -Some Gram(-) bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas) are very

✓ resistant to antimicrobials due to porins in their cell walls

✓ -Relative resistance of microbes to chemical biocides



Microbial Control in the kitchen

✓ avoid cross-contamination of foods eaten raw with foods requiring cooking



Microbial Control in the hospital

✓ standard precautions , contact precautions, droplet precautions, airborne precautions



✓ (extra precautions necessary in hospital due to increased susceptibility of patients due to
open wounds, immunosuppression, increased exposure to pathogens)



genome

✓ the genetic information in a cell



chromosomes

✓ structures containing DNA



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genes

✓ segments of DNA that encode proteins



DNA

✓ macromolecule composed of repeating units called nucleotides, each consisting of a
nitrogenous base deoxyribose, and a phosphate group; specific base pairing between the
opposing strands of dsDNA causes the strands to be complimentary



genetic alphabet

✓ gene products are determined by nucleotide sequence (A,T,G,C) which comprise the 4-
letter genetic alphabet



genotype

✓ the genetic makeup of an organism



phenotype

✓ the actual properties of an organism



Gene Expression

✓ Transcription and Translation



transcription

✓ synthesis of C' strand of mRNA (a transcript) from a DNA template



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