NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
1 view 0 purchase
Course
NSG 531
Institution
NSG 531
Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is mediated by _________ .
saturated normal liver conjugation pathways followed by insufficient glutathione to
conjugate the metabolite NAPQI, which binds to hepatocellular proteins causing
oxidative damange, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular death
W...
NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology
Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers the Latest Update
Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity is mediated by _________ .
✓ saturated normal liver conjugation pathways followed by insufficient glutathione to
conjugate the metabolite NAPQI, which binds to hepatocellular proteins causing
oxidative damange, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hepatocellular death
What is the first step in acute overdose of acetaminophen?
✓ Metabolism by conjugation becomes saturated, and excess APAP is oxidatively
metabolized by the CYP enzymes (CYP2E1, 1A2, 2A6, and 3A4) to the hepatotoxic
reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p -benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI).
Glutathione's role in acetaminophen biotransformation
✓ Conjugates the hepatotoxic reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p -benzoquinoneimine
(NAPQI), which can then be renally excreted
Lack of glutathione or excessive NAPQI production can lead to _______ .
✓ NAPQI binding to the cysteinyl sulfhydryl groups of hepatocellular proteins, forming
NAPQI-protein adducts. This causes an ensuing cascade of oxidative damage and
mitochondrial dysfunction. The subsequent inflammatory response propagates
hepatocellular injury and death.
True or false: the ingested amount of APAP at which toxicity may occur may be
less in the setting of chronic ethanol use, malnutrition, fasting, or viral illness.
✓ true
True or false: co-ingestions of substances or medications known to induce the
activity of the APAP-metabolizing cytochrome P (CYP) oxidative enzymes also
increase the risk of hepatotoxicity
✓ true
What is the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning?
✓ NAC, a precursor of glutathione that increases the concentration of glutathione
available for the conjugation of NAPQI. Also enhances sulfate conjugation of
unmetabolized APAP, is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, has positive inotropic
effects, and increases local nitric oxide concentrations for better blood flow.
A drug is ________ .
✓ an agent that affects biological processes and is given to prevent or treat diease;
most are weak acids or bases
Pharmacokinetics
✓ The quantitative study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME), and their mathematical relationship; what the body does to the drug once
its administered
Examify | Smart Grades | Latest update
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller TestTrackers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.