PNCB Prep: Musculoskeletal – Questions And Answers
What factors MOST influence bone growth? Right Ans - - Nutrition
- Hormones
Why is it important to compare the bones and muscles from side to side?
Right Ans - - To look for symmetry (expected)
- To determine if asymmetry is physiologic or pathologic
In a newborn assessment, what special tests are especially important in
screening for musculoskeletal problems? Right Ans - Screening for
developmental hip dysplasia:
- Galeazzi test
- Symmetry of gluteal/thigh folds
- Ortolani's maneuver
Joint crepitus is commonly detected by: Right Ans - Palpating the joint and
surrounding tissue while putting the joint through full range of motion.
The parent of an 18-month-old is concerned about the child's bowed legs and
that he falls alot. What is the most likely diagnosis? Right Ans - Physiologic
genu varum
- this is a common and normal finding in a toddler
When treating a child for growing pains, what guidance is important to
include? Right Ans - Reassurance that growing pains are NOT pathologic.
They are normal. The child will eventually outgrow growing pains.
Walking/gait will NOT be affected. There is no need to limit activity.
Observing a 10yo child stepping on and off a scale to be weighed is a simple
way to partially screen for: Right Ans - Balance and proprioception
What are the consequences of inadequate calcium intake in a child? Right
Ans - Vitamin D deficiency (Rickets)
Three common etiologies of "in-toeing": Right Ans - i. Internal tibial torsion
ii. Metatarsus adductus
, iii. Femoral anteversion
Gower sign is seen in children with: Right Ans - Duchenne's muscular
dystrophy
An injury at which site of long bones will most likely result in a bone length
discrepancy? Right Ans - Epiphysis (ends of long bone)
- Epiphyseal plates are where blood supply enters and where bone growth
occurs. If blood supply is compromised, growth is jeopardized.
Growth in muscle length is related to: Right Ans - Growth in length of
underlying bone
A child has genu valgum angle of greater than 15 degrees. They do not like to
wear shorts because of how their knees look. What changes in observations
may warrant a referral? Right Ans - Valgus up to 15 degrees is common
through the to 8 or 9 years old. Persistence beyond this age may lead to
problems and degenerative changes and requires a referral.
What is the appropriate treatment for genu varum (bowed leg) in a 15 month
old child? Right Ans - No treatment necessary.
- This is a normal finding up until 18 months old
PE of a 2-week-old reveals irritability when lifted, asymmetrical Moro reflex,
and spasm along the right sternocleidomastoid. Findings are suggestive of:
Right Ans - Fractured clavicle
Classic signs of a fractured clavicle include: Right Ans - -
Spasm/contracture of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Asymmetrical moro reflex
A child with growing pains is most likely to experience: Right Ans -
Bilateral lower extremity pain particularly during periods of rapid growth
A child with a vitamin D deficiency is at risk for: Right Ans - Rickets
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.