A 5-12 months old infant offers for your number one care health facility and has gray enamel.
When taking a medicinal drug history, you may ask approximately preceding use of which group
of antibiotics?
A. PCN
B. Cephalosporins
C. Sulfonamids
D. Tetracyclines - ANS-D
- Tetracyclines cause discoloration of growing teeth in children, which is an destructive impact
unique to this class of antibiotics
- The other capsules listed here do not purpose this effect
A blood pressure drug is small, lipid soluble and not using a fee at all times and is ninety nine%
protein certain. The patient's dose has been titrated and is at an appropriate dose preserve
correct manipulate of his HTN. Recently, the affected person starts to take day by day excessive
doses of an additional OTC drug that is additionally small, lipid soluble, consists of no charge
and is quite protein sure. Which of the subsequent is in all likelihood to occur with the
introduction of the second one drug?
A. The absorption of the blood strain drug will increase due to the fact it is small, lipid soluble
and has no charge
B. The blood stress drug will have reduced effectiveness.
C. The patient will want to be monitored as he may additionally turn out to be hypotensive.
D. Since both pills are small, lipid soluble and don't have any fee, the desire compete with
eachother on the same receptor websites on frame tissues. - ANS-C
If 1 protein-sure drug's dose is titrated for a particular impact, when you add any other highly
protein certain drug, each of them will compete for receptor sites at the albumin and more loose
(think lively) drug might be within the plasma - this places the individual at threat for toxicity/OD
from both pills. These capsules have exceptional movements and are not competing for the
equal receptor
A cancer affected person is receiving morphine to deal with their cancer-associated pain.
Approximately every 7 days, the medication is now not effective in controlling her ache and a
larger dose is wanted to acquire the identical effect. What is occurring?
A. Cumulation effect
B. Drug interactions
C. Drug tolerance
D. Addiction - ANS-C
,The frame may additionally broaden a tolerance to a few pills (like narcotics) whilst used
chronically
- When tolerance takes place, the identical amount of the drug no longer reasons the identical
response so higher doses are required to acquire a healing effect
A most cancers pt is taking Zofran for nausea. How many refills could you provide this pt?
A. As many as you want before looking to see this pt again
B. 12
C. 1
D. None - ANS-A. As many as you need earlier than wanting to see this pt once more
A remedy is a vulnerable base that ionizes at a pH of four and decrease. The medicine is
administered orally. Which of the following statements is accurate?
A. It might be absorbed in general inside the belly and emerge as ionized as soon as it reaches
the small gut.
B. It will be absorbed typically within the small gut and grow to be ionized as soon as it reaches
the blood circulate.
C. Whenever it turns into ionized, the drug will attach to an active delivery receptor and be
carried into the blood circulate.
D. It can be absorbed inside the small gut and be non-ionized within the blood flow and could be
capable of input right into a lactating lady's breast milk and additionally return to the
bloodstream from the breast milk. - ANS-D
It is a susceptible base so, in this example it is a non-ionized in any pH more than four - so it will
likely be absorbed in small intestines, stay ionized in blood (7.Forty five-7.Forty five) and also be
capable of input breast milk; considering the fact that breast milk is 7.1, it'll not ionize there both;
there aren't delivery receptors for simply any drug and they would now not be lively delivery bc it
is not an up gradient scenario.
A patient has a localized pores and skin infection, that's maximum probable because of a gram
tremendous cocci. Until the subculture & sensitivity outcomes are available, you intend to
reserve a _________ -spectrum _________ drug.
A. Huge; systemic
B. Huge; topical
C. Slim; systemic
D. Slim; topical - ANS-D
- Because that is a localized infection, a topical agent is recommended
- And until the infection is very serious, a slender-spectrum antibiotic might be fine (select one
with appropriate gram fantastic coverage because that's what tends to grow on skin)
A affected person has a SNP that creates greater than normal quantities of very efficient/ lively
forms of CYP 3A4. This is the enzyme that deactivates drug G. Which of the following is
accurate?
, A. This patient will need higher doses of drug G which will have the anticipated response.
B. Because this patient is an ultra-metabolizer, they want to be monitored for drug toxicity while
deliver standard doses of drug G.
C. For safety reasons, this affected person must now not be give drug G or another capsules
metabolized through CYP3A4.
D. This SNP will not have an effect on the serum tiers of the drug so no adjustments are
needed. - ANS-A
Because the drug is inactivate by the enzyme and the patient is making extra of the enzyme
than predicted, the pt could want to take higher doses than common to get the expected impact.
A affected person is taking 2 PO pills, A and B. Drug A absorbs well within the small gut,
however is poorly absorbed within the stomach. Drug B absorbs well inside the stomach, but is
poorly absorbed within the intestines. What is in all likelihood real?
A. Drug A might be a vulnerable acid and drug B might be a susceptible base
B. Drug A is probably a vulnerable base and drug B might be a susceptible acid
C. Drug A is a vulnerable base, but will become an acid when inside the stomach
D. Drug B is a susceptible acid, however turns into a base while in the intestines - ANS-B
Always remember the fact that weak acids take in nicely in the belly & susceptible bases take in
nicely within the intestines (because they're now not ionized in those body booths)
A affected person provides to the ER with a serum drug level of 50 g/mL. The half of-life of this
drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 g/mL are taken into consideration
poisonous. How lengthy will it take for the blood stage to attain the non-toxic variety?
A. 30 minutes
B. 1 hour
C. 2 hours
D. 3 hours - ANS-B
- Half-existence is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to reduce by using
50%
- After 1 hour, the serum concentration might be 25 g/mL (that's not toxic)
A patient presents for your medical institution complaining of vaginal itching after taking an
antibiotic for the past 10 days. What is she likely experiencing?
A. An unfavourable response from the antibiotic
B. A superinfection caused by the antibiotic, which has destroyed regular plants
C. An overdose of the drug this is adverse to more than one frame gadget
D. A drug toxicity impact of the antibiotic - ANS-B
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