What is homeostasis? -Correct Answer how varied components of living things adjust to maintain a constant internal living environment. There is a balanced dynamic state! Diseases result from homeostatic imbalances (diabetes)
What are the levels of organization? -Correct Answer chemical - cellula...
Biology 252 Exam 1 Questions and Answers with
Complete Solutions Graded A 2024-2025
What is homeostasis? -Correct Answer ✔how varied components of living things adjust
to maintain a constant internal living environment. There is a balanced dynamic state!
Diseases result from homeostatic imbalances (diabetes)
What are the levels of organization? -Correct Answer ✔chemical - cellular - tissue -
organ - organ system - organismal
What is the nervous system made of? -Correct Answer ✔The Central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial nerves and spinal
nerves).
What is the big picture of the nervous system? What does this mean? -Correct Answer
✔Input - Processing - Output. Explain.
Most of our wiring is _____. -Correct Answer ✔insulated.
Neuron -Correct Answer ✔
Describe the soma, neurofibrils, Nissl bodies, dendrites, axon and axon hillock. -Correct
Answer ✔Soma- body of the neuron cell.
Neurofibrils- work with microtubules to compartmentalize rough ER into Nissl bodies.
Nissl bodies- help identify neurons in tissue sections with mixed cell types
Dendrites- primary site for receiving signals from other neurons
axon hillock- nerve fiber where axon originates
axon- conducs nerve signals to remote point from the soma. contains Varicosities
secrete NTs.
How are neurons classified? -Correct Answer ✔By number of processes extending from
the soma.
What is the difference in multipolar nerons, bipolar neurons, and anaxonic neurons? -
Correct Answer ✔multipolar - one axon with multiple dendrites. Includes most neurons
of the brain and spinal cord.
bipolar- one axon and one dendrite.
Anaxonic- multiple dendrites, no axon. Communicate through dendrites and produce no
action. found in brain, retina, and adrenal medulla.
What is axonal transport? -Correct Answer ✔two way passage of proteins, organelles,
and other materials along the axon.
Biology 252 Exam 1
, Biology 252 Exam 1
What is anterograde and retrograde transport? -Correct Answer ✔anterograde- moves
down the axon, away from the soma.
retrograde- moves up the axon, towards the soma.
What are 3 properties that enable communication with other cells? -Correct Answer ✔1.
Excitability (response to stimuli or environmental change).
2. Conductivity ( production of electrical signals that are conducted to other cells at
distant locations).
3. Secretion (when a signal reaches the end of a nerve fiber, neuron secretes a NT that
crosses gap and enters the next cell).
What are sensory neurons? -Correct Answer ✔(dealing with the five senses) They are a
part of the PNS (afferent). They conduct signals from receptors to the nervous system.
Detect stimuli and transmit info TOWARDs the CNS.
somatic: bones, joints, and muscles
visceral: comes from inside us like internal organs
(organized by location)
What are interneurons? -Correct Answer ✔They lie within the CNS. They receive
signals and carry out the integrative function of the nervous system. They take info from
sensory neurons in the PNS and make decisions.
What are motor (efferent) neurons? -Correct Answer ✔sends signals AWAY from the
CNS to primarily muscle cells (effector).
somatic: skeletal muscle
autonomic: things you can't control (like digestion, heartbeat, glands in hormonal
signaling) -- smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, hormones.
(organized by target cell)
What is the myelin sheath? -Correct Answer ✔A whitish, fatty segmented sheath around
most LONG (not all) axons. They increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission. It is
formed by cells. The cell has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin
sheath.
What are neuroglia? -Correct Answer ✔glia cells that protect neurons by binging them
together to provide a supportive framework for nervous tissue. Prevent neurons from
contacting each other.
What are the four neuroglia in the central nervous system ? -Correct Answer
✔Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells, and Microglia
Astrocytes -Correct Answer ✔- support and brace neurons
- control the chemical environment
- cover the brain and nonsynaptic regions of neurons
- supportive framework of CNS
Biology 252 Exam 1
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