PSYCH 101 FINAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE 370
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2024-2025 LATEST
VERSION//ALREADY GRADED A+
If you were taking psychology prior to 1920, psychology was defined as "the science of
__________________." - CORRECT ANSWER-mental life
Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology? - CORRECT ANSWER-Washburn
Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex mental
processes? - CORRECT ANSWER-functionalism
You begin seeing a therapist to cope with a number of stressful life events. The therapist does not focus
on your childhood or on any learned behaviors, but rather she emphasizes the importance of your need
for love and acceptance. Which school of thought does she belong to? - CORRECT ANSWER-humanistic
psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of: - CORRECT ANSWER-behavior and mental processes.
Watson is to _______________ as Rogers is to ___________________. - CORRECT ANSWER-
behaviorism; humanistic psychology
Professor Schroeder argues that children's innate concept of justice enables them to make distinctions
between fair and unfair rules. This argument is most consistent with the views of: - CORRECT ANSWER-
Plato.
______________ said that there is nothing in the mind that does not first come in from the external
world through the senses. - CORRECT ANSWER-Aristotle
Jim is a 43-year-old male presenting with auditory hallucinations, delusions of reference, delusions of
persecution, and claims of "special powers." Jim suffers from schizophrenia and has not been taking his
medication as prescribed. Dr. Verde is evaluating Jim, and may admit him to the hospital so that she can
,restart his medications and monitor his response. Dr. Verde is most likely a: - CORRECT ANSWER-
psychiatrist
After physicians are given case information and an autopsy report, they are very likely to presume that
they could have figured out the cause of death with the case information alone. This tendency to believe
that one would have foreseen something, after learning of an outcome, is called: - CORRECT ANSWER-
hindsight bias.
You've just found out that a married couple you've known since high school—the homecoming queen
and the captain of the football team—are now splitting up. You think back to the last time you saw them
together and have the feeling that you could have predicted their divorce. Which of the following is the
most likely cause for your feeling? - CORRECT ANSWER-hindsight bias
Martin's family suffered through two weeks of pain and suffering after his horrific car accident that left
him in a coma. Martin was struggling for his life, and physicians predicted he would never wake up. On
the thirteenth day, Martin did wake up. Martin's Aunt Marie proudly exclaimed, "I knew Martin would
make it." This is called: - CORRECT ANSWER-hindsight bias.
The problem with common sense is that it is "after the fact." In other words, common sense does not
help us: - CORRECT ANSWER-predict the future.
Students in Dr. Hunt's introductory psychology class come with their own preconceived notions of
psychology as well as of different majors. Many are taking the course as part of their social science
requirement; however, 10 of them are psychology majors, and all believe they will become
psychologists. It will be interesting to follow-up with these 10 students a year from now to see how
many of them have changed their majors. This tendency to make predictions about one's life so self-
assuredly is called: - CORRECT ANSWER-overconfidence.
Jamie and Robin were sure that they had answered most of their exam questions correctly because "the
questions required only common sense." However, they each scored less than 60 percent on the exam.
This best illustrates: - CORRECT ANSWER-overconfidence.
People see a face on the Moon, hear Satanic messages in music, and perceive the Virgin Mary's image
on a grilled cheese sandwich. This is an example of our tendency to: - CORRECT ANSWER-see patterns
because we want to make sense of the world.
,Tonya was astonished when she flipped a coin 10 times and it came up heads each time. She believed
that this was her lucky day and spent $10 on lottery tickets. Tonya's belief is an example of our tendency
to perceive ____, which is an error in thinking. - CORRECT ANSWER-order in random events
Jack was listening to an old Beatles album and thought he heard a hidden message proclaiming that Paul
McCartney was dead. This is an example of our tendency to: - CORRECT ANSWER-see patterns because
we want to make sense out the world.
Psychologists persistently ask the two questions "What do you mean?" and "How do you know?"
because they approach the world of behavior with: - CORRECT ANSWER-curious skepticism.
When testing those who claimed they could see auras around people's heads, magician James Randi
issued this challenge: "Then if I were to step behind a wall barely taller than I am, you could determine
my location from the aura visible above my head, right?" This type of challenge shows Randi's: -
CORRECT ANSWER-empirical approach.
Which is an aspect of the scientific attitude? - CORRECT ANSWER-skepticism
One problem discussed in the United States is that the country is not keeping up with some others in
terms of educating young scientists. Trying to be proactive, a local school board is encouraging children
to go into science. If you were to advise the school board on the type of children that might be most
interested in science, they should look for all of the following attitudes EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER-
arrogance
________________ is one phenomenon that illustrates why we should NOT rely on our intuition and
common sense when trying to explain why people act, think, and feel the way they do. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Overconfidence
A person who engages in ______________ does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Instead,
he or she analyzes assumptions, looks into hidden values, and tries to determine if conclusions are
warranted. - CORRECT ANSWER-critical thinking
A few atypical scores can distort this measure of central tendency. - CORRECT ANSWER-mean
, The number 7 is the ___________ of the following set of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9. -
CORRECT ANSWER-mode
Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number 5 represents the __________
of his sisters' ages. - CORRECT ANSWER-median
Differences between two samples are MOST likely to be statistically significant if the samples are: -
CORRECT ANSWER-large and the standard deviations of the samples are small.
After carrying out the appropriate statistical calculations of their data, the researchers concluded that
the probability of obtaining the results, if random factors alone were operating, was less than 1 chance
out of a 100. The researchers used _____, and can conclude that the results are _____. - CORRECT
ANSWER-inferential statistics; statistically significant
Professor Ramirez recorded men's and women's scores on a laboratory test of aggression, and found a
gender difference. He is not likely to report his findings significant unless the odds of the results
occurring by chance are: - CORRECT ANSWER-less than 5 percent.
A large pharmaceutical company begins to write a research protocol based on their belief that the new
medication called Drug R may be useful in treating anxiety. They predict that Drug R should lower
symptoms of anxiety. This prediction is a: - CORRECT ANSWER-hypothesis.
Psychological theories: - CORRECT ANSWER-Psychological theories do all of these things.
A hypothesis is a prediction that is: - CORRECT ANSWER-testable.
This technique gathers peoples' self-reported attitudes or behaviors by questioning people randomly
and representatively. - CORRECT ANSWER-a survey
We tend to overestimate the extent to which other people share our attitudes and opinions. This is
because we spend most of our time with people who represent a: - CORRECT ANSWER-biased sample.
