Exam (elaborations)
Patho Final Exam 2024/2025
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Patho Final Exam 2024/2025 Patho Final Exam 2024/2025 Patho Final Exam 2024/2025
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Patho Final ExamImmunity that is rapid, early, first, active & functions as a barrier before infection? - ANS Innate
Immunity
Which lines of defense are Innate Immunity? - ANS 1st (mucous membranes & skin) & 2nd (nonspecific
body cells)
What kind of immunity is specific & unique? - ANS Adaptive Immunity
Which line of defense is Adaptive Immunity? - ANS 3rd line
Which kind of immunity is acquired through immunization or actually having the disease? - ANS Active
immunity
What kind of immunity is gained through getting a vaccine? - ANS Active
What kind of Immunity is gained through having chicken pox? - ANS Active
Which kind of immunity is transferred from another source outside of the body? - ANS Passive immunity
What kind of immunity is received by infants in utero & through breast milk? - ANS Passive Immunity
What kind of immunity includes B cells & immunoglobulins? - ANS Humoral
What kind of immunity includes T cells? - ANS Cell Mediated
,What does the IgG antibody do? - ANS "given to the baby"
-only passive Ig b/c it passes through the placenta
-2nd line of defense for babies
What does the IgA antibody do? - ANS "Always avaliable"
secretory (nasal passages, mucus membranes)
skin
1st line of defense
What does the IgM antibody do? - ANS "made by infants"
natural blood antibodies
1st antibodies
What does the IgE antibody do? - ANS "Three areas"
Inflammation, allergic, parasite
-Binds to Basophils to release histamine
What does the IgD antibody do? - ANS "Dependent on B cells"
-needed for maturation of B cells
-found mostly on B lymphocyte cell membranes
What kind of inflammation is useful? - ANS Acute Inflammation
Purpose & Role of Acute Inflammation? - ANS aimed at removing the infectious agent & limiting the
extent of tissue damage
,When does chronic inflammation occur? - ANS 1. follows acute inflammation when inflammatory
response is unable to eliminate injurious agents
2. Chronic almost from the onset often when the injurious agents are less toxic then those that lead to
acute inflammation (e.g. persistent infections, autoimmune diseases)
What is Chronic Inflammation affect on the body? - ANS HARMFUL --> changes DNA in cells, leads to
heart disease, promotes cancer, tissue damage
What are local manifestations? - ANS -redness
-swelling
-heat
-pain
-loss of function
What are systemic manifestations? - ANS -fever
-change in BP
-Alteration in WBC count
What happens where there is a breakdown of the bodys immune system? - ANS higher risks of infection
What is the #1 mechanism of water / Na balance? - ANS thirst
What is the Role of ADH? - ANS increase water reabsorption, less urine output
Causes of Diabetes Insipidus? - ANS Neurogenic: head injury
Nephrogenic: kidneys don't respond to ADH
, Psychogenic: drinking too much water
Pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus? - ANS Not enough ADH secreted
OR
Kidneys not responding to ADH
Manifestations of Diabetes Insipidus? - ANS -lg amounts of urine
-Diluted urine
-High blood concentration
-THIRST (crave water
Cause of SIADH? - ANS increased pressure of infection in the brain
OR
lung cancer
Manifestations of SIADH? - ANS - Excessive reabsorption of water
- Low amounts of urine
-Diluted Blood
-lethargic, confusion, disorientation, edema
Pathophysiology of SIADH? - ANS Excessive release of ADH w/o stimuli
OR
Failure of the negative feedback system
Causes of Edema? - ANS -increased capillary filtration pressure (high venous pressure)
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