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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAMQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Anthropology - Answer-the holistic study of the human species, its past, present, its
biology, its culture, its language
Biological Anthropology - Answer-an interdisciplinary and historical science
Evolution - Answer-a theory, "change over time"
European World View - Answer-a world in stasis, fixity of species, Great Chain of Being,
no notion of Deep Time
Great Chain of Being - Answer-a way to explain where every living thing fit into the
ladder of relationships with everything else
Deep Time - Answer-the essential concept donated by geology that stated that the earth
was old enough for biological evolution to be a possibility
Fixity of Species - Answer-the idea that living things are as God initially created them,
and that they never changed i
James Ussher - Answer-wanted to know the age of the earth; October 23, 4004 BC
Count Buffon - Answer-Uniformitarianism and deeper time
James Hutton - Answer-Uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell - Answer-Earth evolves by uniform processes; geologist
John Ray - Answer-concept of species and genus
Carolus Linnaeus - Answer-first taxonomy of plants and animals by physical
appearance
Catastophism - Answer-fossil evidence indicate multiple extinctions and multiple
catastrophies
Uniformitarianism - Answer-gradual forces shaped the planet which are still at work
today
Jean Baptiste Lamark - Answer-Inhertitance of Acquired Characteristics-interaction
between organisms and their environment, changes in trait are inherited (giraffe
scenario)
, Thomas Malthus - Answer-most living things produce more offspring than can be
expected to survive; competition for food and resources
Darwin's Postulates - Answer-1) There is the a "struggle for existence" b/c a population
grows faster than its food supply
2) There is differential success to survive and reproduce
3) Variation in a population is present and is heritable
Natural Selection - Answer-AKA: Differential Survival and Reproduction; when the
environment changes, organisms that have characteristics that enable them to survive
will do so and reproduce offspring with the same characteristics
Darwin vs Lamark - Answer-Lamark: requires variation to arise when needed
Darwin: variation already exists and nature selects those with advantageous
characteristics according to their environment
Old ideas of inheritence - Answer-blending of parents' traits, traits in blood, examples in
breeding
Gregor Mendel - Answer-Father of Genetics
Pea Plants - Answer-inheritance
Law of Segregation - Answer-traits are inherited as discrete units; frequent
units=dominant, less frequent units=recessive
Genes - Answer-codes for a particular trait
Alleles - Answer-a pair of genes
Genotype - Answer-combination of alleles
Homozygous - Answer-same alleles
Heterozygous - Answer-different alleles
Phenotype - Answer-physical expression of trait
Polygenetic Inheritance - Answer-two or more genes work together to effect a single
pheotypic trait (eg. skin color); strongly affected by the environment in which they
develop
Chromosomes - Answer-where genes are located; humans :46 , 23 pairs
Gametes - Answer-sex cells; where significant evolutionary changes occur
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