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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM 1 Q&A
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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM 1 Q&A
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BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM 1Q&A
The Scientific Method - Answer-1. ask a question
2. do background research
3. construct a hypothesis
4. test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
5. analyze your data and draw a conclusion
6. communicate your results
A hypothesis must be - Answer-testable & falsifiable
Paradigm - Answer-universally recognized framework ; worldview
theory - Answer-an explanation of facts acquired through the scientific method and
repeatedly tested and confirmed
hypothesis - Answer-a proposed explanation for an observation that can be tested;
educated guess
rule - Answer-statement based on repeated experimental observations ; summary of
facts
fact - Answer-an objective and verifiable observation
Aristotle - Answer-extensive knowledge of the existing biosphere
paradigm: an anthropocentric universe
unexplained phenomenon in retrograde motion of planets
Copernicus - Answer-On the Revolution of the Celestial Spheres
heliocentric model of universe
Linnaeus - Answer-Systema Naturae
binomial nomenclature
assumed fixity of species
Lecler - Answer-Natural History
questioned fixity of species
recognized interaction of environment and species
Cuvier - Answer-functionalism: adaptations are perfect for their function
catastrophism: fossils explained by global catastrophe and more recent creation events
Lamarck - Answer-Zoological Philosophy
, nature processes produce radical changes in living organisms
vitalism
inheritance of acquired characteristics
Saint-Hilaire - Answer-Philosophie Anatomique
homology: anatomical parts change shape and size but maintain consistent
associations throughout all animals
Lyell - Answer-Principles of Geology
uniformitarianism: geological processes are constant through time and space
deep time: geology indicates that the earth has existed for a long time
Selective breeding - Answer-animals and plants with desirable traits are bred with
similar animals
Theory of evolution by natural selection - Answer-charles darwin & alfred russel wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace - Answer-On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely
from the Original Type
On the Law Which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species
natural selection vs evolution - Answer-natural selection acts on individuals
evolution acts on populations
Gregor Mendel - Answer-performed experiments on peas to discover basic laws of
inheritance
cell membrane - Answer-lipid coat layer
cytoplasm - Answer-internal fluid
organelles - Answer-specialized structures inside the cell
nucleus - Answer-organelle containing nuclear DNA
nuclear DNA (nDNA) - Answer-genetic information for majority of cellular functions
ribosomes - Answer-organelles responsible for the production of proteins
mitochondria - Answer-organelle involved in the production of energy by the metabolism
of sugars
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - Answer-genetic information for metabolic functions of the
mitochondria
germ cells - Answer-sperm and egg
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