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ANTHRO 101 - BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANTHRO 101 - BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANTHRO 101 - BIOLOGICALANTHROPOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Biological/Physical Anthropology - Answer-Study of biological and evolutionary
morphological and behavioral traits of humans
Archeology - Answer-Study of material culture and ecological context of prehistoric
human societies
Sociocultural anthropology - Answer-Study of all peoples everywhere and how they
organise their social relationships and societies.
Linguistic anthropology - Answer-Study of how language influences social life
Cultural relativism - Answer-Principle that a person's beliefs and activities should be
understood by others in terms of that persons own culture
Ethnocentrism - Answer-Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions
originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture
Colonialism - Answer-Practice of acquiring political control over another country,
occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
Trepanation - Answer-Surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled into human skull,
exposing the dura mater to treat health problems related to diseases. Used to relieve
pressure.
Darwins 2 Main Contributions - Answer-- Carried out research to conclusively document
that evolution has occurred.
- Discovered the process of natural selection
Influences on Darwin (1) - Answer-Thomas Malthus
Economist observed that more offspring produced than can survive--> Leading to
competition and interspecies competition
Influences on Darwin (2) - Answer-Charles Lyell, geologist popularized (1)
'uniformitarianism' vs (2) 'catastrophism'
(1) Slow changes happening over a vast amount of time
(2) Geological changes were caused due to a catastrophic events that happened
Influences on Darwin (3) - Answer-Artificial selection (breeding, GMO)
Fossils - Change occurs over time
, Influences on Darwin (4) - Answer-Comparative anatomy - Shared traits between bones
and other characteristics. Thought they might have shared ancestors.
Influences on Darwin (5) - Answer-Geographic distribution of traits - beaks were well
adapted to local environments on the islands
Adaptive Radiation - Answer-In Finches, thought adaptive radiation was:
Species that diverged into different types/subspecies that descended from one but
changed over time to survive in their environments
3 Assumptions & Result of Natural Selection - Answer-Assumption 1: Reproducing
entities exist
Assumption 2: Variations exist & can can be passed on
Assumption 3: Variations have reproductive consequences
Result: Over time reproductively superior variation will increase in frequency in the
population, while alternative variations decrease.
Define Natural Selection - Answer-- Process by which favorable heritable traits become
more common in later generations, while unfavorable traits become less common.
Specialization/new species.
- Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations due to the causal effects
alleles have on reproduction
Genes in Evolution - Answer-Genes control the production of specific proteins in living
things by stringing up small amino acid molecules into long protein strands
Components of an Organism - Answer-- Proteins, water, carbohydrates, fats,
vitamins/minerals, DNA (nucleic acids)
- Can be sorted into 5 Kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protists)
Amino Acids - Answer--20 kinds of AAs, make up all proteins of organisms (H, O2, N, C
& S)
- Attached by peptide bonds
- Food breaks down to form AAs
- Have electrochemical charges that interact with neighboring AA causing the AA to fold
up a specific way creating a protein (diff. sequences create diff. proteins)
Protein synthesis - Answer-Genes determine AA sequence for proteins
- Genes are protein coding units of DNA that restring AA into needed proteins
- Sequence of nucleotides determines sequence of AAs
DNA - Answer-Double helix, sugar phosphate backbone (strong bonds), and nucleic
acids (weak bonds):
Adenine - Thymine
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