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PSYCHOLOGY 100, EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 100, EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY 100, EXAM #1QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychology - Answer-the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-structuralism; in 1879 founded first psychology laboratory in
world at University of Leipzig; introspection, basic units of experience
Edward Titchener - Answer-Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of
psychology.
William James - Answer-founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception
to function in our environment
Structuralism - Answer-An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore
the structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism - Answer-a school of psychology that focused on how mental and
behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and
flourish.
Case study - Answer-An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth
in the hope of revealing universal principles.
Naturalistic observation - Answer-Observing and recording behavior in naturally
occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Survey research - Answer-gathering primary data by asking people questions about
their knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and buying behavior
Random sample - Answer-method of selecting from a population in which each person
has an equal probability of being selected
Positive correlation - Answer-a correlation in which large values of one variable are
associated with large values of the other and small with small
Negative correlation - Answer-a correlation in which large values of one variable are
associated with small values of the other
Correlation versus causation - Answer-A correlation is a predictable relationship
between two variables makes it possible to predict the other. However, just because two
variables are correlated does not mean that one causes the other.
, Experiment - Answer-a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or
more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental
process (the dependent variable). By random assignment of participants, the
experimenter aims to control other relevant factors.
Independent variable - Answer-The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable - Answer-The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Random assignment - Answer-Assigning participants to experimental and control
conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned
to the different groups.
Biological perspective - Answer-A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily
events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts.
Neurons - Answer-Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and
transmit information.
Action potential - Answer-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in
and out of channels in the axon's membrane
Neurotransmitters - Answer-chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps
between neurons
Dopamine and Parkinson's disease - Answer-Death of dopamine producing cells leads
to Parkinson's disease, a disorder of the brain that leads to shaking and difficulty with
walking, movement, and coordination.
Reticular formation and personality - Answer-Nerve network in the brainstem, controls
arousal.
Shy personality is more sexually aroused.
Outgoing personality is less sexually aroused.
Left hemisphere of brain - Answer-logical, contains mathamatics, lauguage, & speech.
controls right side of the body
Right hemisphere of brain - Answer-touch and movement, superior at nonverbal, visual,
and spatial tasks. controls left side
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