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Missouri State University PSY 121 Exam 3 Questions and Answers.
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Missouri State University PSY 121 Exam 3 Questions and Answers.
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Missouri State University PSY 121 Exam 3Questions and Answers
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n)
___________________ in classical conditioning. -
✔️conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon gummy candies, even though
they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl
carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag. Jade notices that her mouth is puckering
and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the
__________________. -
✔️sour lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva
to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be
referred to as a(n) ____________________. -
✔️unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy, it was
accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry when presented with the rat. In this
experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat was a(n) ___________ response. -
✔️conditioned
In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you. Lightning always comes
before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as soon as the lightning strikes. In this
scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n) __________________. -
✔️conditioned stimulus
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with
the unconditioned stimulus. -
✔️extinction
,Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every fifteen
minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. It salivates less and less and finally stops
salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to the sound of
a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this response? -
✔️Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in _______________________. -
✔️both operant and classical conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. -
✔️Positive
Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a
picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes
away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being ____________________. -
✔️negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every time that Axel
begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using
_________________. -
✔️positive punishment
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g., attention from others)
from the individual. This is called __________________. -
✔️negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a
_____ schedule. -
✔️ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? -
✔️Fixed ratio
, ________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the small steps in the
overall sequence of behaviors. -
✔️Chaining
Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks toward the
marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to
roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates _______. -
✔️shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or
eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called _______________________. -
✔️applied behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of the year, any
student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party. What behavioral technique is Ms.
Wang using? -
✔️Token economy
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited about is an
example of ___________________. -
✔️the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but also if an animal
observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same action. -
✔️mirror
Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal
_______________________. -
✔️either engages in a particular behavior or watches another animal engage in the behavior
Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes
his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment.
Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is
older? -
✔️Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in
his father.
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