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NUR 2090 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
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NUR 2090 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE what is an isotonic solution and give the 2 examples Solutions with the same osmotic concentration as cells, used to increase extracellular fluid volume due to blood loss, surgery, dehydration, or fluid los...

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  • November 6, 2024
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NUR 2090 EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

what is an isotonic solution and give the 2 examples

Solutions with the same osmotic concentration as cells, used to increase extracellular

fluid volume due to blood loss, surgery, dehydration, or fluid loss.

They are used for vascular expansion, and electrolyte replacement.

Examples to know: Normal saline and Lactated Ringer's

What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving ISOTONIC

solutions?

Monitor closely for signs of fluid overload, especially if the patient has a history of renal

or cardiovascular disease.

Avoid use of lactated Ringer's in patients with liver disease or those in metabolic

acidosis

What is a hyptonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.

Hypotonic solutions move fluid into cells and interstitial space. They are used for cellular

dehydration.

Example to know: 0.45% NaCl

What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPOTONIC

solutions?

,Monitor patients closely as fluid can move into cells, potentially causing low blood

volume and cardiovascular collapse.



Avoid giving to patients with head trauma, neurosurgery, or stroke, as these solutions

can increase intracranial pressure.



Avoid patients at risk for fluid shifting into tissues (third spacing), such as burn victims,

trauma patients, or those with liver failure or severe malnutrition.

What is a hypertonic solution, what is it used for, and give an example.

A hypertonic solution pulls fluid from inside the cells into the bloodstream.

t's used for conditions like intravascular dehydration, fluid overload, and sepsis. An

example is 3% NaCl (sodium chloride).

What are the nursing considerations when it comes to giving HYPERTONIC

solutions?

Closely monitor for fluid overload as these solutions increase blood volume.

Avoid patients with kidney or heart problems.

Don't use it in patients with intracellular dehydration, like in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Typically used only in intensive care settings

Why are hypertonic solutions used cautiously

Hypertonic solutions are used very cautiously, usually in the ICU, because they can

quickly cause fluid overload or pulmonary edema. They are best given through a central

line to avoid vein irritation and the risk of infiltration.

what are some visible signs of fluid overload?

,-dyspnea, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema (crackles), orthopnea; increased

respiratory rate

-anxiety; mental status changes; restlessness

-high blood pressure; bounding pulse; increased pulse rate

-jugular vein distention; peripheral edema

-wieght gain

-decreased urine output

Risk of fluid overload is increased for which patients?

Patients with a history of heart failure or kidney issues are at higher risk for fluid

overload. Always use an electronic infusion device (EID) to control the infusion rate and

prevent sudden increases.

List all of the equipment for peripheral IV infusion (this will be a select all that

apply question on the test)****

1. Access device (IV catheter)

2. Container with IV solution

3. IV tubing

4. Electronic infusion deivce (EID) (if available)

5. Needleless connection

6. watch with second hand if calculation drop rate

INFILTRATION

Signs and Symptoms:

Action:

Prevention:

, Signs and Symptoms: Swelling, coolness, discomfort at the site, slowed infusion, no

blood return.

Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, and apply warm soaks to reduce swelling.

Prevention: Choose a site over long bones, avoid joints, and use stabilization devices.

PHLEBITIS

Signs and Symptoms:

Action:

Prevention:

Signs and Symptoms: Pain, warmth, redness at the site, hard vein, slowed infusion

rate

Action: Stop the IV, restart in a new location, apply warm soaks for comfort, and do not

irrigate.

Prevention: Change IV sites every 72 hours, use large veins and needles instead of

catheter , dilute medications well, infuse slowly, and use a central line for irritating

solutions.

INFECTIONS

Signs and symptoms:

Action:

Prevention:

Signs and Symptoms:

Local: Redness, warmth, and pus at the site.

Systemic: Fever, chills, fatigue, and high WBC count.

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