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NEPHROLOGY GENERAL MEDICAL RENAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CORRECTLY ANSWERED RATED A.
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NEPHROLOGY GENERAL MEDICAL RENAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CORRECTLY ANSWERED RATED A.
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NEPHROLOGY GENERAL MEDICAL RENALQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS CORRECTLY
ANSWERED RATED A.
This hormone is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to low volume to
retain Na+ at the kidney?
Correct Answer -aldosterone
This condition is characterized by extreme thirst and the production of > 2.5
liters of urine/day?
Correct Answer -diabetes insipidus
This complication is caused by the overcorrection of hypernatremia where
the Na+ drops too quickly?
Correct Answer -cerebral edema
This disorder most commonly causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis?
Correct Answer -severe diarrhea
These two disorders most commonly cause a positive anion gap metabolic
acidosis?
Correct Answer -lactic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis
This condition is characterized by distention of renal calyces and pelvis with
urine and if not corrected in < 1 week could result in permanent kidney
damage?
Correct Answer -hydronephrosis
,IgA nephropathy is often preceded by what type of infection?
Correct Answer -upper respiratory or GI
Describe the findings on biopsy in a patient with rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer -crescent formation will be seen
A 7 year old boy present accompanied by his mother who states his urine
has been dark lately, and he wakes up in the morning with a puffy face. She
states he was sick a couple of weeks ago, but never saw the doctor. Labs
show positive ASO titers. The patient likely had what type of infection 10-14
days prior to this presentation?
Correct Answer -Group A Strep
What is the most common etiology of acute interstitial nephritis?
Correct Answer -drug hypersensitivity
What is the most common cause of end stage renal disease?
Correct Answer -diabetes mellitus
Fatty casts or oval fat bodies are most commonly associated with what renal
disorder?
Correct Answer -nephrotic syndrome
, Kidney stones and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) are both common
causes of which type of acute kidney injury?
Correct Answer -postrenal azotemia
What is the first line treatment for patients with acute tubular necrosis?
Correct Answer -supportive: IV fluids, discontinue any offending agents
What two HTN medication classes reduce proteinuria seen in renal disease?
Correct Answer -ACEi and ARBs
What type of acute glomerulonephritis has positive anti-gbm antibodies that
attack the type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane
Correct Answer -Goodpasture Syndrome (Anti-GBM disease)
What type of nephrotic syndrome has glomerular basement membrane
thickening seen on renal biopsy?
Correct Answer -membranous nephropathy
What type of AKI is seen in volume depleted patients such as patients with a
history of diarrhea, vomiting, and blood loss?
Correct Answer -prerenal AKI
A 68 year old male present to the office complaining of hematuria. He is a
pack a day smoker for over 20 years and is not currently on any medications.
He has not other symptoms outside of the hematuria, and on physical exam,
a left sided varicocele is palpated. What diagnosis should be suspected in
this patient?
Correct Answer -renal cell carcinoma
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