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Respiratory Acidosis Questions and Answers Grade A+

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Hypercapnia A condition marked by a PaCO2 level above 45 mmHg. Also known as hypercarbia. Hypoxemia Decreased oxygen levels in the blood that result when PaO2 falls below 80 mmHg. Respiratory acidosis A condition that is caused by an excess of dissolved carbon dioxide, or carbonic aci...

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  • November 6, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • Questions & answers
  • Respiratory Acidosis
  • Respiratory Acidosis
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Respiratory Acidosis Questions and
Answers Grade A+
Hypercapnia


✓ A condition marked by a PaCO2 level above 45 mmHg. Also known as

hypercarbia.




Hypoxemia


✓ Decreased oxygen levels in the blood that result when PaO2 falls

below 80 mmHg.




Respiratory acidosis


✓ A condition that is caused by an excess of dissolved carbon dioxide, or

carbonic acid. It is characterized by a pH of less than 7.35 and a

PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg. It may be caused by hypoventilation.




Ventilation


✓ The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.




Pathophysiology and Etiology




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ Both acute and chronic respiratory acidosis result from carbon dioxide

retention caused by alveolar hypoventilation.

✓ Hypoxemia (decreased oxygen) frequently accompanies respiratory

acidosis.




Acute Respiratory Acidosis


✓ Results from a sudden failure of ventilation (the exchange of oxygen

and carbon dioxide).



✓ Chest trauma, aspiration of a foreign body, acute pneumonia, and

overdoses of narcotic or sedative medications can lead to this

condition.



✓ PaCO2 rises rapidly and the pH falls markedly. A pH of 7 or lower can

occur within minutes, resulting in death if not corrected



✓ The serum bicarbonate level is unchanged initially because the

compensatory response of the kidneys continues over hours to days.




Hypercapnia & Acute Respiratory Acidosis




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 1|Page | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+

✓ (increased carbon dioxide levels) affects neurologic function and the

cardiovascular system. Carbon dioxide rapidly crosses the blood-brain

barrier. Cerebral blood vessels dilate, and if the condition continues,

intracranial pressure increases and papilledema (swelling and

inflammation of the optic nerve where it enters the retina) develops.

Peripheral vasodilation also occurs, and the pulse rate increases to

maintain cardiac output.



✓ The primary problem is alveolar hypoventilation with increased PaCO2.




Respiratory acidosis can be caused by


✓ Acute pulmonary edema, central nervous system depression, chest

wall disorders, trauma, oversedation, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea,

obesity, and pulmonary infections.




Chronic respiratory acidosis is associated with




Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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