Exam (elaborations)
CIH Review Questions and Answers 2024
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Exam of 44 pages for the course CIH at CIH (CIH Review)
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CIH ReviewLog A^B = - answer B Log A
Log A = X → - answer10× = A
Log (AB) = - answer Log A + Log B
Log (A/B) = - answer Log A - Log B
Define PCM - answer Phase Contrast Microscopy
used for asbestos samples in air
Define PLM - answer Polarized Light Microscopy
Used for bulk asbestos analysis
Define SEM - answer Scanning Electron Microscopy
Can be used for asbestos analysis
Used infrequently
Define TEM - answerTransmission Electron Microscopy
Used for finding asbestos structures in air samples
What is a Urticarial Reaction? - answeraka: hives
appearance of slightly elevated patches (wheals) which are redder or paler than the
surrounding skin and often attended by severe itching; the exciting cause may be
certain foods or drugs, infection, or emotional stress
Which organ exhibits a urticarial reaction? - answerskin
Carbon Tetrachloride damages which organ? - answerLiver
Define Teratogen - answercauses birth defects in developing fetus
Which is a teratogen?
A) Asbestos
B) Silica
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Organic Mercury - answerD) Organic Mercury
Which toxic property describes Nicotine?
,A) Hepatoxin
B) Neurotoxin
C) Carcinogen
D) Teratogen - answerB) Neurotoxin
Which organ is effected by a Hepatoxin? - answerEffects Liver
What part of the body is affected by a Neurotoxin? - answerBrain
Define Carcinogen - answercauses cancer
What disease is associated with Benzene exposure? - answerLeukemia
What disease is associated with Radon exposure? - answerlung cancer
What disease is associated with Beryllium exposure? - answerlung cancer (chronic
exposure)
pneumonitis
Berylliosis (scarring of lungs)
What disease is associated with Cadmium exposure? - answerlung cancer
prostate cancer
pulmonary emphysema
TLV guidebook: kidney damage
NIOSH: critical health effects as chronic renal damage and acute pulmonary toxicity
Organochlorines effect which human system? - answerCentral Nervous System
What disease is associated with Chromium exposure? - answerLung Cancer
Which chemical is metabolized to acetone in the body? - answerIsopropanol
Which exposure is associated with causing Parkinson-like symptoms? -
answerManganese
1m³ = how many liters - answer1000 liters
Write equation for determining mass collected on an air sample. - answer(Volume of Air
Collected) * (concentration) = mass collected
(m³) * (mg/ m³) = mg
Define Terms and Units for:
I = I₀ Be -µx - answerI = intensity received (rad)
,I₀ = Incident Intensity (rad)
B = build up factor (dimensionless)
µ = linear attenuation coefficient (1/cm)
x= shield thickness (cm)
Identify characteristics of a Cohort Study - answerFollow employees over time
monitor exposure to chemical
monitor development of disease
can be retrospective or prospective (look forward or backward in time)
Most powerful type of study other than clinical trials
Type I or Type II error?
Researcher studying chronic effects of arsenic exposure and the incidence of skin
cancer. Researcher determines there is not enough evidence to conclude a relationship
between arsenic exposure and skin cancer. If there really is a relationship between
arsenic exposure and skin cancer, what type of error was made? - answerType II
Type I or Type II error?
A researcher is studying the effects of exposure to aspergillus fumigatus and memory
loss. The researcher concludes that long term exposure to aspergillus fumigatus
decreases memory function. If there really is no relationship between the exposure to
aspergillus fumigatus and memory function, then what type of error was made? -
answerType I
Define Incidence Rate
(Epidemiology) - answerNumber of NEW cases of disease per worker per unit time
Define Prevalence Rate
(Epidemiology) - answernumber of cases in a worker population at a specific time
Define Case Report Study
(Epidemiology) - answerDetailed reports of specific cases
Define Case-Control Study
(Epidemiology) - answerRetrospective Study
Compares exposure between cases and controls
End result is an odds ratio
Define Cohort Study
(Epidemiology) - answerIdentify a population prospectively and follow them over time
Can be Prospective (look foward)
Can be Retrospective (look back)
Define Cross-Sectional Study
(Epidemiology) - answer1) Study of a population regardless of exposure or disease
status
, 2) Disease and exposure measured at the same time
3) also called a "prevalence study"
Define "SMR"
(Epidemiology) - answerSMR = Standard Mortality Rate
What is the neutral position for a standard mortality rate study? - answerSMR = 100 is
neutral/ no relationship exists
Define how a null hypothesis would be written in an epidemiological study. - answerThe
null hypothesis is the belief that no exposure to disease relationship exists.
For Example:
Smoking is NOT associated with lung cancer
Ethanol consumption is not associated with liver disease
Define Type I Error - answerRejecting H₀ when H₀ is the true state of the world
Define Type II Error - answerAccepting H₀ when H₀ is not the true state of the world
Is α with relation to error and Epi studies related to a Type I or Type II error? -
answerType I error
Is β with relation to error and Epi studies related to a Type I or Type II error? -
answerType II error
Define p-value
(Epi Studies) - answerthe probablility of committing a random type I error
p > α = statistically significant study
Confidence Interval
If the interval includes 1 then it IS or IS NOT statistically significant?
(0.62, 1.18) - answerConfidence Interval that includes 1 is NOT statistically significant
Confidence Interval
If the interval does not include 1 then it IS or IS NOT statistically significant?
(2.69, 5.05) - answerConfidence Interval that DOES NOT include 1 IS statistically
significant
Define Latency Period
(Toxicology) - answerAmount of time between first exposure and onset of disease
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