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NURS 707 - Pulmonary Disorders (Exam 2) Questions with correct answers
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NURS 707 - Pulmonary Disorders (Exam 2) Questions with correct answers
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NURS 707 - Pulmonary Disorders (Exam 2) Questionswith correct answers
Overview Flowsheet Correct Answer-
Disorders of the Chest Wall Correct Answer-- Chest wall restriction
- Impaired respiratory muscle function caused by neuromuscular disease
- Flail chesst
Chest wall restriction Correct Answer-- chest wall movement may be
limited due to deformity, trauma, immobilization, obesity, pain, spinal
abnormalities
(can make it impossible to fully expand the lungs or cause a patient to be
hesitant or unwilling to fully expand the lungs)
- work of breathing is increased, and tidal volume may be limited
Impaired respiratory muscle function Correct Answer-Caused by
neuromuscular disease
- ex. polio, myasthenia gravis, ALS
- functional, not structural impairments
Flail chest Correct Answer-- instability of a portion of the chest wall
from rib or sternal fractures (usually from trauma)
- causes paradoxical movement of the chest with breathing
,Pneumothorax Correct Answer-presence of air or gas in the pleural
space
Primary pneumothorax Correct Answer-Spontaneous
- occurs unexpectedly in healthy individuals
- often caused from spontaneous rupture of blebs (typically in the apex
of the lung on the visceral pleura) but can also be associated with
underlying pleural disease (such as emphysema)
Secondary pneumothorax Correct Answer-caused by disease, trauma,
injury, PEEP ventilation, or other condition
Iatrogenic pneumothorax Correct Answer-caused by medical treatment,
especially transthoracic needle aspiration
Types of Secondary Pneumothorax Correct Answer-- Open
- Tension
open pneumothorax Correct Answer-- the site of trauma creates an
opening through the chest wall into the pleural lining that remains open
during inspiration and expiration
- air pressure in the pleural space equal barometric pressure because air
that is drawn into the pleural space during inspiration is forced back out
during expiration
, tension pneumothorax Correct Answer-- site of pleural
rupture/trauma/injury acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on
inspiration but closing during expiration
- pneumothorax will progressively increase in size, compressing
affecting lung and eventually compressing mediastinum (impair blood
flow through the major vessels into and out of the heart and lungs)
- life threatening
Manifestations of Pneumothorax Correct Answer-- Pleural pain
- Tachypnea and dyspnea - related to reduced ventilation of the affected
lung and hypoxemia
- With larger ones, breath sounds will be decreased over affected area
- Hypoxemia
- Tension: significant hypoxemia, potential tracheal deviation and
hypotension
Pleural Effusion Correct Answer-presence of fluid in the pleural space
Transudative effusion Correct Answer-watery, composed mostly of
plasma diffused out of the capillaries
- may occur from significant fluid volume overload (ex. CHF)
Exudative effusion Correct Answer-less plasma, contains high
concentrations of white blood cells (leukocytes) and plasma proteins
- may be a result of an inflammatory response somewhere within the
lungs
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