Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 9th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 01: Health Defined: Objectives for Promotion and Prevention
Edelman: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which model of health is most likely used by a person who does not
believe in preventive health care?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: A
The clinical model of health views the absence of signs and symptoms of disease as indicative
of health. People who use this model wait until they are very sick to seek care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 3.
2. A person with chronic back pain is cared for by her primary care provider, as well as receives
acupuncture. Which model of health does this person likely favor?
a. Clinical model
b. Role performance model
c. Adaptive model
d. Eudaimonistic model
ANS: D
The eudaimonistic model embodies the interaction and interrelationships among physical,
social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of life and the environment in goal attainment and
creating meaning in life. Practitioners who practice the clinical model may not be enough for
someone who believes in the eudaimonistic model. Those who believe in the eudaimonistic
model often look for alternative providers of care.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 3
3. Halbert Dunn (1961) introduced the concept of high level wellness, a health-illness continuum
which factored in the individual’s environment when determining a level of health. Which of
the following statements is correct concerning his model?
a. Care recipients who are terminal or dying could not be classified as having high-
level wellness.
, Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 9th Edition Test Bank
b. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and
societal level.
c. It provides a view of health which is in opposition to the eudaimonistic model of
health.
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
ANS: B
Dunn’s construct of high level wellness assesses a person’s wellness not only from the
perspective of his relative health but also factors in his environment—favorable or
unfavorable—to arrive at a more comprehensive determination of relative wellness. With this
concept in mind, a person who is dying can be said to have achieved high-level wellness via
emotionally preparing for death and/or supporting others toward this end. His concept defines
health on both personal and societal levels. This model is similar to the eudaimonistic model
of health which factors in physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects as well as
influences from the environment in defining health. For these reasons, choices A, C, and D
would all be incorrect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 4
4. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential
and is experienced within a developmental context is known as
a. growth and development.
b. health.
c. functioning.
d. high-level wellness.
ANS: B
Health is defined as a state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a
person’s potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 5
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
ANS: C
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the
subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be
described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the
resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The
other choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: p. 6
6. Which US report is considered a landmark document in creating a global approach to health?
a. The 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation: A Midcourse Review
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Healthy People 2000
d. The US Surgeon General Report
, Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 9th Edition Test Bank
ANS: C
Healthy People 2000 and its Midcourse Review and 1995 Revisions were landmark
documents in which a consortium of people representing national organizations worked with
US Public Health Service officials to create a more global approach to health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 6
7. Which of the following is one of the four overreaching goals for Healthy People 2020 (US
Department of Health and Human Services)?
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the nation
b. Achieve health equality and eliminate disparity for all groups
c. Increased public funding for health insurance
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates
ANS: B
Healthy people 2020 has four overarching goals to include the following: 1. attain high
quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. 2.
Achieve health equality, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. 3. Create
social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4. Promote quality of life,
healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Choices A, C, and D are
possible strategies to achieve the state goals but they do not reflect the actual published
overarching goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 7
8. Which of the following statements accurately reflect primordial prevention?
a. It concerns interventions directed at the fetus while in utero to assure lifelong
health.
b. It is a more modern term used interchangeably with primary prevention.
c. It is a health-promotion strategy which reflects policy-level interventions.
d. It refers administering vaccines to prevent individuals from developing the disease.
ANS: C
Primordial prevention is a fairly new concept which has been added to the more traditional
modalities of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primordial refers to the time frame
before a risk factor develops and before disease occurs. Primordial prevention reflects policy-
level interventions which will serve to prevent disease. Such prevention is typically
implemented at the “national, state, or community” levels. Examples of primordial prevention
would be state regulations which mandate healthy food for school-based lunch programs or
regulations which call for the elimination of trans fats in commercial foods. By contrast,
primary prevention are those interventions which are directed at the individual in the interest
of preventing disease. Vaccinating an individual against disease would be an example of
primary prevention as would be education and interventions (exercise, low fat, avoiding
excess salt) aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease before it occurs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: p. 9
9. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
, Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span 9th Edition Test Bank
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific
protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits
this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 11
10. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Self-breast examination education
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify
individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening
tool for breast cancer and thus is considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 13
11. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physical and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head trauma
ANS: D
Physical therapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves
minimizing the effect of disease and disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to
maximize remaining capacities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 13
12. In reviewing a person’s medical claims, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate
persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids
as recommended by the NHLBI asthma management guidelines. The nurse discusses this with
the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n)
a. advocate.
b. care manager.
c. consultant.
d. educator.
ANS: B
Care managers act to prevent duplication of service and reduce cost. Care managers base
recommendation on reliable data sources such as evidence-based practices and protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: p. 14
13. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability
services. The nurse is acting as a(n)
a. advocate.
