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Biological Anthropology Final Exam Review Questions with Complete Answers
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Biological Anthropology Final Exam Review Questions with Complete Answers
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Biological Anthropology Final ExamReview Questions with Complete
Answers
Opposable thumbs - Answer-refers to primates' thumb, in that it can touch each of the
four fingertips, enabling a grasping ability (both power and precision grips).
Diurnal - Answer-refers to those organisms that normally are awake and active during
day-light hours
Dental formula - Answer-the numerical description of a species' teeth, listing the
number, in one quadrant of the jaws, of incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Ex.
Humans are 2123/2123.
Tooth comb - Answer-anterior teeth (incisors and canines) that have been tilted forward,
creating a scaper
Prehensile tail - Answer-a tail that acts as a kind of hand for support in trees, common in
New World Monkeys
Brachiators - Answer-organisms that move by brachiation, or arm-swinging
Polygynous - Answer-refers to a social group that includes one adult male, several adult
females, and their offspring
Dimorphism - Answer-a difference in a physical attribute between members of a
species.
Polyandrous - Answer-refers to a social group that includes one reproductively active
female, several adult males, and their offspring
Sexual selection - Answer-the frequency of traits that change due to those traits'
attractiveness to members of the opposite sex
Kin selection - Answer-altruistic behaviors that increase the donor's inclusive fitness,
that is, the fitness of the donor's relatives
Bilophodont molars - Answer-refers to lower molars, in Old World Monkeys, that have
two ridges
Y-5 molars - Answer-hominoids' pattern of lower molar cusps
, Habituation - Answer-you transform their (primates') behavior by making them tolerate
your presence
Phylogeny - Answer-evolutionary relationships among organisms; important basis for
identifying and classifying organisms
Taxonomy - Answer-the classification of organisms into a system that reflects degree of
relatedness
Analogous characters - Answer-similar traits due to convergent evolution, not genetic
relation
Homologous characters - Answer-similar traits due to common descent
Ancestral characters - Answer-homologous characters that appear early in the evolution
of a lineage
Derived characters - Answer-homologous traits that appear later in the evolution of a
lineage
Anthropoidea - Answer-includes both Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys) and
Catarrhines (Old World Monkeys); exhibit larger brains, higher levels of sexual
dimorphism, more social complexity, enclosed bony eye-sockets, and fewer teeth
Prosimian - Answer-Suborder of primates that exhibit a large reliance on sense of smell,
have a combination of nails and claws, lack complex social behaviors, are mostly
nocturnal, and most have tooth combs
Catarrhine - Answer-(an infraorder); category pertains to Old World Monkeys and Apes.
Are characterized by a wide range of habitats throughout Africa and Asia, but mostly
live in the tropics or subtropics. The primates in this group can be either terrestrial or
arboreal.
Platyrrhine - Answer-(an infraorder); category of New World Monkeys, word stems from
"flat noses"; these monkeys are found in the New World (Americas), and spend a lot of
time in the trees. New World Monkeys are the only group that can exhibit prehensile
tails. Their dental formula is 2133, with an extra premolar compared to catarrhines.
Hominoid - Answer-(Superfamily); includes Lesser and Great Apes; no members of this
group have tails
Folivore - Answer-a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves
Fossil - Answer-Remains of once-living organisms that have wholly or partially
transformed into rock through a long process of chemical replacement
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