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Intro to biological Anthropology Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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Intro to biological Anthropology Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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Intro to biological Anthropology Exam 2Questions and Answers
Characteristics of the primate order: ancestral characters - Answer-Generalized
skeleton:
-pentadactyly
-retention of clavicle
-separate bones of the forearm and leg
Generalization dentition and omnivory:
-primate teeth arent usually specialized for specific foods ( expectations) because
generally primates have a broad diet
Characteristics of the primate order: Derived characters - Answer-increased visual
accuity: binocular vision allow depths perceptions while stereoscopic vision allows 3D
perception ( color vision in some OWM & NWM)
Postorbital bar or postorbital closure - Answer-Closure: monkeys and apes
Bar: Lemurs and lorises
none: other mammals
Derived characters - Answer-reduced olfaction: shorter snout length in most primate
species
increase encephalization: large brains relative to body size particularly enhanced for
vision and touch and sense integration ( neocortex)
grasping hands and feet
nails on digits
slow life history traits: primate have small litters, long periods of gestation and long lives
-increase social learning and behaviors
Suborder: Strepsirrhini - Answer-Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Suborder Haplorhini - Answer-Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
Infraorder: Anthropoidea
Infraorder characteristics - Answer-Lemuriformes: unfused mandible, postorbital bar,
wet nose, tooth comb, can produce vitamin C, grooming claw, dental formula 2133/2133
Tarsiiformes: fused mandible. postorbital closure, dry nose, DNA mutation preventing
vitamin C production, grooming claw, dental formula 2133/1133
Anthropoidea: fused mandible, postorbital closure, dry nose, DNA mutation preventing
Vitamin C, no grooming clar
dental formula for NWM: 2133/2133
OWM: 2123/2123
Old primate taxonomy:
, Suborder Prosimii
Suborder Anthropoidea - Answer-Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Infraorder: Tarsiiformes
Infraorder: Anthopoidea
new primate taxonomy:
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Suborder: haplorhini - Answer-Infraorder: Lemuriformes
Infraorder: tarsiiformes & anthropoidea
Lemurs - Answer--found only on the island of Madagascar ( ringtail. mouse, Sifaka, Aye
Aye)
-retain ancestral primate traits like increased sense of smell, more side facing eyes,
tooth comb, and grooming claw
-range in size from 3 inches to 3 ft in length, with lager species being diurnal and
smaller species nocturnal
-wide range of locomotor behaviors and social structures
Lorises and Galagos ( bushbabies) - Answer-- lorises found in southeast Asia while
galagos are found throughout Sub-Saharan Africa
-both are nocturnal
-lorises are slow and careful climbers ( travel quite far) while galagos are agile leapers
-diets range from insectivorous in smaller species to fruit and leaf eaters
Tarsiers - Answer--located across the islands of southeast Asia
-exclusively nocturnal and insectivorous/carnivorous
-locomotion is vertical clinging and leaping enhanced by specialized elongate tarsal
bones
-huge eyes for night vision that lack a tapetum lucidum
-pair bonded social group
Anthropoids vs Strepsirrhines - Answer-A: fused frontal bone, fused mandible,
postorbital closure, no tapetum lucidum, full color vision ( most) and larger brain, larger
body size
S: unfused frontal bone, unfused mandible, tapetum lucidum, longer snout, tooth comb,
smaller body size, grooming claw
Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys) - Answer--broad, flat external nose ( platy means
board and flat; rhin-means nose)
-2.1.3.3 dental formula
-fice genera have prehensile tails
-body size is small ( .5-20lbs)
Atelidae (spider monkey) - Answer--central America
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