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NUR 258 Study guide Questions and Correct Answers the Latest Update
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NUR 258 Study guide Questions and
Correct Answers the Latest Update
Pulmonary Artery Pressures
✓ -Method for measuring the pressures inside the pulmonary circulatory system
✓ -It can help evaluate RV & LV function
✓ -Different Hemodynamic Measurements
✓ --Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PA)
✓ --Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)or Pulmonary Artery Wedge
Pressure (PWP)
✓ -CVP
✓ -Cardiac Output/cardiac index
PA Pressure
✓ - measures the pressure within the pulmonary artery
✓ Normal: PAS - 15-30mmgHg; PAD - 4-12mmHg
PWP
✓ - measures the pressure within the pulmonary capillary system. By occluding the
blood flow by inflating a small balloon; it reflects the pressure in the left side of the
heart at the end of diastole - LVEDP
✓ Normal: 6 - 12 mg/Hg
CVP
✓ - measures the pressure in the right atrium and can indicate fluid volume, aka
preload
✓ Normal: 2-8 mmHg
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Cardiac Output
✓ - measurement of the amount of volume ejected by the heart per minute.
✓ CO = HR x SV
✓ Normal: The value can vary with the size of the patient, however the average is 4-8
liters/minute
✓ An increase in HR can be an attempt to increase CO
Preload
✓ - amount of blood in the left/right heart chamber at the end of diastole
Afterload
✓ - Systemic -pressure LV must overcome during systole. Can be impacted by the
aortic valve or pressure in or beyond the aorta. Pulmonary - pressure RV must
overcome during systole
MI and/or Heart Failure effect on pressures
✓ -PA pressure - increased
✓ -PAWP - increased
✓ -CVP - increased
✓ -Cardiac Output - decreased
Hypovolemia effect on pressures
✓ -PA pressure - decreased
✓ -PAWP - decreased
✓ -CVP - decreased
✓ -Cardiac Output - decreased
What is a possible complication to invasive monitoring?
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✓ -Pneumothorax
✓ Potential complication of pneumothorax?
Downsides to a fast HR
✓ While an increase in HR can help increase CO, are there any downsides to a fast
heart rate?
✓ When do the coronary arteries fill?
✓ -diastole
✓ What impact does heart rate have on ventricular filling time?
✓ -less time to fill meaning less SV
Pacemakers
✓ Used primarily to correct slow heart rates
✓ -Symptomatic sinus bradycardia
✓ -Heart block
✓ -Sinus node dysfunction
✓ *Able to pace
✓ -Atria
✓ -Ventricles
✓ -Both
✓ *Demand - only fires when needed
✓ *Asynchronous - fires regardless of patient's own intrinsic rhythm
Pacemaker Settings
✓ -Rate
✓ -Sensitivity
✓ -Milliamps (voltage)
Potential complications post-implantation of pacemaker
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