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JCCC Unit 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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JCCC Unit 4 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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JCCC Unit 4 Exam Questions withCorrect Answers
What causes tuberculosis? - Answer-Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How is TB commonly spread? - Answer-Person to person through the air
How is TB not spread commonly? - Answer-Sharing food and drink, contact with
contaminated surfaces
Latent TB Infection - Answer-type of tuberculosis in which the person carries the
disease but does not show symptoms and cannot infect others
Active TB Infection - Answer-shows symptoms if infection; macrophages fail to destroy
the bacteria and they multiply
Constitutional Symptoms of TB - Answer-affect the entire body, includes:
- fevers
- chills
- night sweats
- weight loss
- anorexia
- vomiting
- fatigue
Lower Respiratory Tract Symptoms - Answer-affect areas between the pharynx and
alveoli, includes:
- coughing
- bloody sputum
- difficulty breathing
- chest pain
What is the time frame around active TB infection and presentation of symptoms? -
Answer-3 weeks
Who are we most worried about acquiring TB and why? - Answer-HIV patients; they are
at the highest risk for progressive disease both primary and secondary
Pathophysiology of TB infection - Answer-bacteria reaches the lungs and remains in the
alveoli along the sub-plural space in the creases between the lobes, macrophages
gobble them up in the lung and some carry then to a nearby lymph node; all out war
occurs between the macrophages and the bacteria resulting in death on both sides
seen as a granuloma filled with caseous necrosis
, Ghon Focus - Answer-the formation of a granuloma, or walled off area of bacteria,
which is considered the primary lung lesion in tuberculosis
Ghon Complex - Answer-TB granulomas (Ghon focus) w/pulmonary lymph node
involvement, reflects primary infection or exposure.
How does dormant TB become active? - Answer-two ways: reactivation or reinfection
Reactivation of TB - Answer-time passes and the immune system is weakened for some
reason which allows the TB bacteria to come back with a vengeance forming cavities in
the lungs filled with disease (PROGRESSIVE SECONDARY INFECTION)
Reinfection of TB - Answer-someone with dormant TB is reinfected with the disease
Who is more likely to spread TB, and why? - Answer-adults infected with live bacteria;
have a stronger cough and are able to force more bacteria into the air
How do we prevent the spread of TB? - Answer-medications (DOT therapy), isolation
(sleep alone at night, stay away from children under the age of 4), surgical masks
What might the RN wear or use in the hospital when caring for a patient with
suspected/known TB? - Answer-N95 mask, PAPR
Goals of TB Treatment - Answer-prevent disability and death from infection, reduce the
spread of infection to other individuals
Why are multiple medications used? - Answer-to blast the infection and eliminate as
much of the organisms as possible as quickly as possible; decreases the emergence of
resistant strains and affects the bacteria at various phases of their long and slow life
cycle
What four medications are used to treat TB? - Answer-RIPE:
- rifampin
- isoniazid
- pyrazinamide
- ethambutol
How long does treatment for TB last? - Answer-all four RIPE antibiotics are used for 2
months, then rifampin and isoniazid are used for the following 4 months; longer
treatments for those with more severe disease, HIV, pregnancy, patients whose cultures
remain positive throughout treatment, and patients with resistant strains of M.
tuberculosis
How does the clinician know if the client needs continued therapy for TB? - Answer-
CXR shows improvement from the one that confirmed diagnosis
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