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STA 2023 Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.
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STA 2023 Exam 1 Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+.
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STA 2023 Exam 1Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Statistics - Answer: the science of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting data
Categorical - Answer: data that is describing using words or categories, qualitative
Quantitative - Answer: data that is describing using numbers, can be averaged
Graphical - Answer: categorical and quantitative
Categorical - Answer: bar charts (bars do not touch) and pie charts
Quantitative - Answer: histograms (bars usually touch), stem plots, box plots, and dot plots
Numerically - Answer: center and spread
Center - Answer: mean, median, mode
Mean - Answer: the 'average', the balancing point, distances from the data points always add up to zero
Median - Answer: the middle ordered value, the 50th percentile, falls in (n+1)/2 position, always exactly
50% of the observations on either side of it and is not very sensitive to outlier, robust
, Mode - Answer: the most frequently occurring number, the measure of center represents the most
common observations or class of observations
Spread - Answer: range, variance, standard deviation, IQR
Range - Answer: min-max, the measure of spread that is affected most by outliers
Variance - Answer: represents the 'typical' squared distance from the mean, in squared units, measure
of spread around the mean, but its units are not the same as those of the data points
Standard deviation - Answer: represents the 'typical' distance from the mean, in units of data, measure
of spread that is smaller for distributions where the points are clustered around the middle, cannot be
negative
IQR - Answer: interquartile range, Q3-Q1 where Q3= 75th percentile (the median of the 'top' half) and
Q1= 25th percentile (the median of the 'bottom' half), gives the spread of the central (middle) 50% of
the data set
Outliers - Answer: any observations that are significantly far away from the rest of the data points
Skewed right - Answer: mean->median->mode
Normal - Answer: bell curve, mean=median=mode
Skewed left - Answer: mean<-median<-mode
Bimodal - Answer: mean=median
Bell shaped with an outlier - Answer: mean>median
Rectangular/uniform - Answer: mean=median
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