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MCB3020 BACUSMO EXAM 4
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MCB3020 BACUSMO EXAM 4
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Name: Score:54 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 54
Which of the following statements about hepatitis is FALSE
Hepatitis b is only transmitted through sexual contact.
Hepatitis A is typically found only in blood serum.
Hepatitis c is always asymptomatic.
Hepatitis d can only occur in those infected with hepatitis b.
Definition 2 of 54
the formation of immune complexes.
Define inflammation and list its major characteristics
Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs, where all blood components are
originated?
The classical pathway of complement fixation involves
Compare layers of skin and their role in immune system.
,Definition 3 of 54
Passive immunity occurs when the body gets anti-bodies from a foreign source such as another
human or another animal, rather than producing those anti-bodies itself. Active immunity occurs
when the body actively create its own B cells, T cells, and anti-bodies. In this case the body
produces its own humoral and cell mediated immune responses.
Artificial immunity occurs when a person intentionally introduces a foreign substance into his or
her body to develop immunity. Artificial immunity can be active or passive. Natural immunity
occurs when the body generate an immune response naturally, without the intentional
introduction of anything into the body. Natural immunity can be active or passive.
Define passive, active, artificial, and natural immunity produced against infectious agents
Define graft-vs-host disease. Why organ transplants are often rejected? Why fetus is not
rejected?
Define Opsonization. What is the effect of opsonization? Name three opsonin molecules
Name the elements involved in nonspecific immunity, Give examples for each.
Term 4 of 54
How does Mycobacterium tuberculosis resist the body's defense system?
it prevents the fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes
it alters the dna of immune cells
it produces toxins that kill immune cells
it mimics the surface proteins of host cells
,Definition 5 of 54
Acquired Immunity is a specific, tailor-made type of immunity that is perfected as an individual
grows older. When a person is exposed to a new kind of infection, he or she develops acquired
immunity that will help him or her fight the infection again. Upon further exposure.
Acquired immunity can then be divided into active immunity and passive immunity each of which
can be either natural or artificial. Natural immunity occurs when the body generate an immune
response naturally, without the intentional introduction of anything into the body. Artificial
immunity occurs when a person intentionally introduces a foreign substance into his or her body
to develop immunity.
Natural active immunity includes the body produces anti-bodies when exposed to an antigen.
Natural passive immunity includes anti-bodies are passed from mother to fetus via the placenta
IgG or the baby via breastmilk IgA.
Artificial active immunity includes immunizations or vaccinations. For example exposure to water
down version of a pathogen.
Artificial passive immunity includes antivenin which is a serum that contains anti-bodies from an
animal that has immunity.
Define opsonization. what is the effect of opsonization? name three opsonin molecules
Distinguish between natural acquired immunity and artificial acquired immunity. Give
examples
List different forms of vaccines discussed in class. how does vaccine works in protecting
against infections?
Explain different ways macrophages and neutrophils recognize infectious agents and
phagocytized them.
, Term 6 of 54
List blood formed elements and describe their functions. (Granulocytes)
Lymphocytes consist of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. B cells differentiate into two
types of cells plasma cells which produce anti-bodies and memory B cells which amount of
fast and efficient response upon reinfection.
It can be casued by Neisseria gonorrhaeae
It is most common cause of involuntary infertility in women
-it involves inflammation of the female reproductive organs.
-it can result in ectopic pregnancies.
Neutrophils phagocytize microorganisms and other substances
-basophils are involved in the inflammatory response
-Mast cells are involved in the inflammatory response
-eosinophils fight worm and fungal infections
The major blood formed elements and their functions are as follows:
-red blood cells: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
-platelets: essential for blood clotting
-white blood cells (leukocytes): include a diverse group of cells involved in immunity,
including following:
~granulocytes- characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm and include
neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils.
~Agranulocytes- cells that lack granules and include monocytes (which mature into
dendritic cells and macrophages) and lymphocytes
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