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NURS 635 Midterm student’s study guide 2024/2025 with 100% correct Solutions | Top graded A+ $13.00   Add to cart

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NURS 635 Midterm student’s study guide 2024/2025 with 100% correct Solutions | Top graded A+

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NURS 635 Midterm student’s study guide 2024/2025 with 100% correct Solutions | Top graded A+

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  • November 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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NURS 635 Midterm student’s study guide 2024/2025
with 100% correct Solutions | Top graded A+

Effects of Disease on Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔· Altered response due to:

o Acid-base status
o Electrolyte abnormalities
o Altered intravascular volume
o Tolerance



Using PK/PD Principles for Drug Therapy Management - ✔✔1. Target-Effect

Strategy 2. Target-concentration strategy



Target-Effect Strategy - ✔✔o Predetermined efficacy endpoint

Example: Reduction of blood pressure to 120/80 mmHg with
Lotensin/benazapril o Titrate drug to desired effect
· Monitor for efficacy
· If plateau occurs, may need to add additional drug or choose alternative agent.
· Monitor for toxicity
· May require decrease in dose or alternative agent.



Target-concentration strategy - ✔✔o Predetermined concentration goal

§ Based on population-based PK

§ Target concentration based on efficacy or toxicity
o Know the PK of the drug you are prescribing
§ Presence of an active metabolite?
§ Should the level of the active metabolite be measured?

, § Zero-order or first-order kinetics?
· Does it change with increasing serum concentrations?



Synergistic - ✔✔when two drugs, used together, have an effect larger than the sum of
each drug's effect(s) by itself



Rational therapeutics - ✔✔o Knowing, understanding, and implementing general principles
and specific facts about classes of drugs and individual drugs.

o seeks to maximize therapeutic responses while minimizing therapeutic failures and medical
errors that occur because of "therapeutic wrongs" (prescribing/dispensing/administering the
wrong drug/ wrong dose to the wrong patient at the wrong time)



Beta adrenergic blocking agents - ✔✔propranolol

metoprolol
esmolol (short-acting)
atenolol



Calcium channel blockers - ✔✔amlodipine
nicardipine
verapamil

felodipine
nifedipine
diltiazem



Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - ✔✔lisinopril

captopril
enalapril
ramipril

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