NURS 6501-Advanced Pathophysiology
Quiz 1 |Questions and answers with
100% correct solutions | A+ Grade
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? ✔✔Endo= into the cell (engulf). Exo= out of the cell (excrete).
What is active transport? ✔✔requires the cell to expend energy (by means of ATP) to move
larger molecules and molecular complexes
What is pinocytosis? ✔✔the ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the
cell membrane. (drinking)
How is endocytosis done? ✔✔when the substance to be transported is engulfed by a segment of
the plasma membrane, forming a vesicle that moves into the cell.
What is phagocytosis? ✔✔the ingestion of bacteria or other material by phagocytes and amoeboid
protozoans. (eating)
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? ✔✔receptor-mediated endocytosis to selectively take up
specific molecules or complexes of molecules that cannot diffuse or move through transport proteins
,What is diffusion? ✔✔The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration.
What happens after endocytosis occurs? ✔✔lysosomal enzymes process and digest material
What is osmosis? ✔✔diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is filtration? ✔✔the measurement of water and solutes through a membrane because of a
greater pushing pressure.
What is hydrostatic pressure? ✔✔the mechanical force of water pushing against cellular membranes.
What is oncotic pressure? ✔✔Osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution.
What is osmotic pressure? ✔✔The amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the
osmotic movement of water
What is the resting membrane potential? ✔✔Difference in electrical charge across the membrane
at rest
What is action potential? ✔✔the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of
an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
, How does DNA replicate? ✔✔DNA molecule unwinds and each strand is a template for complementary
base pairing; each daughter helix contains an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly
synthesized strand therefore DNA replication is semiconservative
What are the four phases of the cell cycle? ✔✔(1) the S phase, during which DNA synthesis takes place
in the cell nucleus; (2) the G2 phase, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next
phase (M); (3) the M phase, which involves both nuclear (mitotic) and cytoplasmic (cytokinetic)
division; and (4) the G1 phase (growth phase), after which the cycle begins again.
What are the four stages of the M phase (Mitosis)? ✔✔prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
What is DNA composed of? ✔✔deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule, and four types of
nitrogenous bases. The physical structure of DNA is a double helix
What does DNA polymerase do? ✔✔Joins individual nucleotides to make complementary strands
and proofreads the sequence of bases and corrects errors
What is transcription? ✔✔The process of making RNA from DNA
What is translation? ✔✔the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein
What are diploid somatic cells? ✔✔Body Cells
What are haploid gametes? ✔✔sperm and egg cells
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